Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries, 1918 -- 1996 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

By staff

Printer-friendly |

Collection Overview

Title: Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries, 1918 -- 1996

Predominant Dates:1920s -- 1950s

ID: RG-01/RG-01

Primary Creator: Lusky, Irena (ca. 1925-)

Other Creators: Broide, Josef, Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US zone of occupation in Germany (1945 -- 1952), Epstein, Estera, Fleissig, Nika (1919-), Gerard, Betti (1934-), Gertler, Dawid, Gliksman, Henryk, Halbreich, Siegfried (1909-), Herskovic, Otto, Hirszfeld, Ludwik (1884-1954), Jonski, Jozef (1912-), Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone of Occupation in Germany, Leon, Erica, Lipszyc, Anna (1918-), Mitdank, Marta, Schragai, Alice, van Huzun, John, Ziff, Barry

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement:

The arrangement scheme for the record group was imposed during processing in the absence of an original order. Materials are arranged by creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor.

Record group is comprised of thirteen collections and five items, the collections of which are: 1. Nika Fleissig papers; 2. Collection of Dachau diaries and letters; 3. Anna Przeworska-Pratt papers; 4. Siegfried Halbreich papers; 5. Barry Ziff papers; 8. Anna Lipszyc papers; 9. Betty Gerard papers; 10. Dawid Gertler papers; 11. Josef Brojde papers; 12. Henryk Gliksman papers; 13. Central Committee of Liberated Jews in U.S. Zone of Occupation in Germany papers.

Subjects: Accusation and suspicion of collaboration in the Holocaust, Allied Military and Civil administration in Germany, Collaboration in ghettos, collaboration in the Holocaust, Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust, Immigration to Israel, Immigration to United States, Jewish-Gentile relations, Jewish courts of honor, Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany), Legal defense in the Jewish courts of Honor, Means of adaptation and survival in concentration camps, Means of adaptation and survival in the ghettos, personal diaries, postwar life in Europe, survival tactics

Forms of Material: Diaries--Wartime, Memoirs, Memoirs--Post-WWII, Personal memoirs and recollections, Personal testimonies

Languages: English, German, Polish, Yiddish

Abstract

This Record Group is composed of 18 sub-record groups, all devoted to personal and collective memoirs and testimonies, recorded soon after the Second World War. There a few narratives narrated during the wartime.

They reflect various aspects of prewar life, survival under Nazi occupation: ghetto and camp experience, hiding, false identity, resistance activity, liberation, and immigration to the countries of current residence. There are several diaries kept in the camp, ghetto, and in the partisan unit. The original records are in English, German, Polish, and Yiddish. Largely, the documents are partially or fully translated in English. Sub-groups or individual collections within this record group comprise original documents, photographs, artifacts, as well as non-original copies and secondary publications.

Scope and Contents of the Materials

The record group contains memoirs, testimonies, and other recollections written before, during, and after the war. They reflect various aspects of prewar life, survival under Nazi occupation--ghetto and camp experience, hiding, false identity, resistance activity--liberation, and immigration. There are several diaries kept in the camp, ghetto, and in the partisan unit. The collections also comprise of original documents, photographs, artifacts, digitized materials, as well as non-original copies and secondary source publications.

Largely, the documents are partially or fully translated in English, but there are also original documents in German, Polish, and Yiddish.

Collection Historical Note

This macro Record Group comprises archival narratives, photodocuments, correspondences and other form of wartime recollections. It is subdivided into 18 sub-record groups. Largely, it is unified by the common theme, that is, reflections on the Holocaust. These narrated reflections vary content and form. Overall, they describe, personal, family and community experience during and after the Holocaust. These narratives are penned by Jewish, non-Jewish authors, as well as by the Jewish organizations and officials. All 18 sub-record groups are unified by a common denominator, namely the analysis and insight of the personally experienced tragedy of the Holocaust, War and postwar difficulties.

Biographical Note

Irena Lusky, née Deuel, was born ca. 1925 in Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania in an upper middle-class, well educated, and assimilated Jewish family. She describes her childhood experiences in the well-off family focusing on the interfamily relations between herself, her parents, her grandparents, and her sister. Further, Irena Lusky’s narrative depicts a certain strata of Jewish intelligentsia of interwar Lithuania.

The period of 1940-1941, during the Soviet annexation of Lithuania, is reflected through the prism of a young adult’s comprehension of social and political changes taking place in mundane life, as well as of the events jeopardizing the very existence of their family. The latter is related to their arrest and initial stage of deportation, and their release from the transport to Siberia at the last moment. The Deuel family was freed due to the influential intervention of Dr. Finkelstein, an old family friend, who was in high esteem by the new Communist government of Lithuania.

The Deuel family was exposed to the war hardships from the first day, June 22, 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. After a failed flight attempt, they returned to German-occupied Vilnius (Vilna). While en route to Vilnius, they were arrested several times. Although, at that initial stage of German occupation, it was still possible for them to be released from jail either with the help of bribery or simply appealing to “a good German.”

Irena Lusky describes the life in the Vilna ghetto from two perspectives: first and foremost as a young adult experiencing all ghetto hardships and second, to a lesser extent, as a memoir writer of late 1970s. This latter perspective shows the post-Holocaust interpretations together with the author’s personal reckoning. Overall, this combination of two uncorrelated perspectives culminates in the authentic and independent account with regard to the various sides of ghetto life. Ghetto inhabitants, Judenrat members, resistance activities, German authorities, and numerous existential situations are reflected in the narrative. The reader will find among other such reflections, the author’s insights on Jewish leadership as a whole and specifically on such controversial figure as Jacob Gens, the head of the Judenrat and the Jewish Police Force in the ghetto. The Wittenberg Affair is also accounted as the author’s first-hand experience.

Irena was also only indirectly involved in the FPO (Fareinikte Partizaner Organizatsie—United Partisan Organization) and therefore did not join its members in escaping from the ghetto into the forest to continue the partisan struggle. The FPO decided to leave the ghetto before it was liquidated. The Deuel family survived the liquidation of the ghetto only to face German selection. In September 1943, the remaining ghetto inhabitants were taken outside the city into an open field called Rossa for the selection. The first stage of selection separated male and female family members. Irena would never see again her Father, Dr. Finkelstein, and her boyfriend Gamek Sturman. The next stage of selection resulted in the separation of Irena and Tamara from their mother. The Germans directed the daughters to the right, while their mother was sent to the left. The sisters sensed that “right” meant life and some hope, while the people sent on the left were doomed. Irena remembers how her mother was calmed and pleased by seeing the daughters on the life side. Irena and Tamar Deuel were deported to the Kaiserwald concentration camp near Riga, Latvia.

After a ten-week imprisonment in Kaiserwald, Irena and Tamara were transferred to the AEG factory in Riga, a labor camp officially referred as Riga-Strasdenhof camp, where they lived at worked. The conditions there were slightly better than in the Kaiserwald camp. In 1944, with the Soviet Army nearing Riga, the Germans evacuated AEG labor camp to Toruń (Thorn), Poland. Here, another underground factory was to be set up in the former castle, designated as “Fort 13.” Irena Deuel (Lusky) remained in Thorn-AEG, the official camp name, through December 1944. At the end of December 1944, the female prisoners of the Thorn-AEG camp were forced to march west, in the direction of Germany. Being badly wearied and ultimately starved, the prisoners were compelled to keep pace under German command.

Irena Deuel managed to escape from the forced march when the column was passing the city of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg), Poland. She ran up to a house and begged for shelter. Only after the long persuasion, a Polish woman let Irena in. After a week of hiding, in January 1945, the entering Soviet Army liberated Irena and the other girls at their hideout. Wandering through the streets of Bydgoszcz, Irena met her sister Tamara and other girls from the camp. Soon after their group left Bydgoszcz for central Poland and headed for Lublin, then a Polish provisional capital. In Lublin Irena learned that her Mother, Father, and Gamek had not survived. Her father was killed in the Klooga concentration camp, Estonia. Her mother was gassed in Majdanek concentration camp, and Gamek died of typhus.

It was in Lublin that Irena, Tamara, and a few other Jewish girls joined the Bricha Movement (an organized Jewish illegal immigration movement from East-Central Europe through the allied-occupied zones to the British-Mandate Palestine). Eventually Irena met the former Vilna Jewish partisan commander Abba Kovner, who was in charge of Bricha operations in East-Central Europe. This meeting played a decisive role in her future when she made a commitment to Palestine, her eventual Jewish home. In total, Irena’s journey to Palestine lasted from March 1945 to January 1946. After a year and a half of wandering through Romania, Hungary, Austria, and Italy, their group finally arrived in the British-mandated Palestine in January 1946. She, as thousands of others at that time, was an illegal Jewish immigrant brought there by the means of another clandestine Jewish movement-- Aliyah Bet, under the patronization of the Jewish Brigade. Upon their arrival to Haifa, the British authorities interned all the repatriates from their ship in the Atlit internment camp.

Eventually the Jewish Agency provided the internees with appropriate papers, and the British set them free. Her first encounter with fellow Jews in a kibbutz was a disappointment to Irena’s expectations and visions for a free and peaceful life in her Jewish state. Irena highly resented the indifference the locals showed to the newcomers in particular, and to the fate of European Jewry during the Holocaust in general.

It was not until Irena Deuel met Maikel Levin in the summer of 1946 that she began to feel differently about herself and the people around her. Confidence, sympathy, and hope had again filled her life. Having met Maikel at the party, she moved to the Beit Zera kibbutz, on the bank of the Jordan River, near the Sea of Galilee, to be with him. Maikel was a real pioneer and a patriot of the Land. His love helped Irena to appreciate the land and people of Israel. She soon married Maikel and for a while, the couple continued to live at the kibbutz. Irena did not fit into kibbutz work and although she tried her best, kibbutzniks were not satisfied with her. Eventually, it was Maikel’s decision to leave the kibbutz and settle down in a town.

They settled in Givatayim and with the help of a friend Maikel found a job and an apartment. Although they lacked money and situation of the country worsened with every day, they were happy. Adding to this happiness, she became pregnant and looked with hope to the future. On 14 May 1948, independence and establishment of the Jewish State in Eretz-Israel was proclaimed. The war for independence had begun. As a Haganah soldier, Maikel was called up for service. He had to arrive to the Recruitment Center on 18 May 1948. He left home in the morning heading first for work and then, after the workday, to the Recruitment Center. The war between the Israelis and Arabs had already begun, with Jerusalem under siege and local skirmishes beginning to erupt in many places. On that day, 18 May 1948, an explosion at the Central Bus Station, perpetrated by the terrorists, killed Maikel Levin. Irena remained unaware of his fate until the next morning. She was then eight-month pregnant.

In a month Irena gave birth to a girl, but was going through an extremely hard time and suffered mentally and physically. As she recalls, “I was hardly alive, little I comprehended what was going around me.” She could not even take care of her daughter Michal. Eventually time cured her wounds; she remarried to Shimon Lusky, and gave birth to another child, a son. In the 1970s, she was still living in Israel, her past never having left her. She took up this writing with the intention to separate herself from this burden and to place her personal vision, recollections, and reflections in a literary, truthful, and intimate account of her and her time.

Subject/Index Terms

Accusation and suspicion of collaboration in the Holocaust
Allied Military and Civil administration in Germany
Collaboration in ghettos
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust
Immigration to Israel
Immigration to United States
Jewish-Gentile relations
Jewish courts of honor
Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany)
Legal defense in the Jewish courts of Honor
Means of adaptation and survival in concentration camps
Means of adaptation and survival in the ghettos
personal diaries
postwar life in Europe
survival tactics

Administrative Information

Repository: Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Access Restrictions: No restrictions

Use Restrictions:

Copyrighted materials, credits to and references to the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust are required

Digital copies might be available upon request

Preferred Citation: RG-01, Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries. Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust Archive.

Processing Information: Materials are primarily described using the local descriptive standards of the LA Museum of the Holocaust.

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG-01.01, Irena Lusky Collection, 1976 -- 1977],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG-01.02, Nika Fleissig papers, ca. 1920-1989],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-01.03, Collection of Dachau diaries and letters, 1933-1945],
[Sub-Collection 4: RG-01.04, Anna Przeworska-Pratt papers, 1939 -1973],
[Sub-Collection 5: RG-01.05, Siegfried Halbreich papers, 1939 -- 1970s],
[Sub-Collection 6: RG-01.06, Barry Ziff papers, 1944-1945],
[Sub-Collection 7: RG-01.07, Erica Leon Testimony],
[Sub-Collection 8: RG-01.08, Anna Lipszyc papers, 1939 -- 1946],
[Sub-Collection 9: RG-01.09, Betti Gerard papers, 1936-1949],
[Sub-Collection 10: RG-01.10, Marta Mitdank testimony, 15 October 1946],
[Sub-Collection 11: RG-01.11, Dawid Gertler papers, 1948-1949],
[Sub-Collection 12: RG-01.12, Ludwik Hirshfeld memoir, 1946],
[Sub-Collection 13: RG-01.13, Josef Broide papers, 1979],
[Sub-Collection 14: RG-01.14, Henryk Gliksman papers, 1948-1949],
[Sub-Collection 15: RG-01.15, Alice Schragai memoir, 21 January 1982],
[Sub-Collection 16: RG-01.16, Central Committee of Liberated Jews in U.S. Zone of Occupation in Germany papers, 1946-1949],
[Sub-Collection 17: RG-01.17, Otto Herskovic memoir, 1946],
[Sub-Collection 18: RG-01.18, John van Huzun wartime diary the Netherlands, 1944-1945],
[Sub-Collection 19: RG-01.19, Rysia Edelman, Wartime Memoir, Poland],
[Sub-Collection 20: RG-01.20, Ernest (Jacob) Lorant memoir, Hungary, 1944-1946],
[All]

Sub-Collection 8: RG-01.08, Anna Lipszyc papers, 1939 -- 1946

This collection is comprised of documents, photographs, and personal letters written to Anna Lipszyc, nee Fischer, during the wartime. This collection has two principal parts: wartime and postliberation. The wartime portion of the collection contains correspondence to Anna Lipszyc, under the identity of Anna Wójcik, from Jurek (Georg) Gutkind, a Polish policeman, as well as documents related to Anna's false identity. The postliberation portion of the collection relates to Anna's work for the American military administration in Germany.

Arrangement: This collection includes nine sub-collections/items.

Language of Material: Polish, German, English

Subject/Index Terms:: Nazi concentration camps in Germany; False identity; Jewish history; Liberation of concentration camps; Second World War; German labor service; Lublin Castle Prison; U.S. Military Government; Schutzpolizei (Schupo); Germany; Lublin (Poland); Poland; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); Wurttemberg-Baden (Germany); Skierniewice (Poland); Stuttgart (Germany); Gutkind, Jurek; Gutkind, Georg; Lipszyc, Anna; Wojcik, Anna

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-)

Collection of Folder-Level 1: RG-01. 08.01, Anna Lipszyc, Documents and Artifacts, 1941 -- 1946

This folder-lever collection contains official documents issue to Anna Lipszyc in Poland, Nazi Germany and postwar Germany in the US Zone of occupation. Anna Lipszyc volunteered for German Labor Service under a Polish name, she assumed false identity. She reinstated her original identity after US military administration gained control over south-west Germany.

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-01.08.01.01, Temporary identification paper issued to Anna Wójcik by the Magistrate (City Hall) of Skierniewice, ca 1941

The document contains a false identification paper issued to Anna Wojcik. The document is in German and Polish

Subject/Index Terms:: False identity; Identification documents; Lipszyc, Anna; Skierniewice (Poland); Polish, language; identification photograph; German labor service; documents issued by Polish Authorities, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-); German Labor Service (1933 -- 1945); Magistrate (City Hall) of Skierniewice (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-01.08.01.02, Photocopy of a Worker’s Card (Arbeitskarte) issued to Anna Lipszyc under her false name, Anna Wójcik, May 1943

The document contains a photocopy of a Worker's Card (Arbeitskarte) issued to Anna Lipszyc under her false name, Anna Wojcik. She is presented as a Polish woman from the Generalgouvernement, employed as a house aid in the Stuttgart area. The document is in German

Subject/Index Terms:: False identity; Identification documents, German issued, 1933 -- 1945; Wojcik, Anna; Lipszyc, Anna; Fingerprint; German, language; Identification documents; Life under false identity; identification photograph; Worker’s Card (Arbeitskarte); Germany (1939--1945); Stuttgart (Germany)

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-); German Labor Service (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-01.08.01.03, Photocopy of Anna Lipszyc’s provisional foreign refugee pass, ca 1940s

The document contains a German passport-like document which was issued in Anna Lipszyc's real name instead of her false name, Anna Wojcik. The date of issuance is not legible. Possibly, her real identity was discovered or she revealed her real name voluntarily.

Subject/Index Terms:: Passports, German; Lipszyc, Anna; Identification documents; Wojcik, Anna; identification photograph; provisional refugee pass; German, language; Germany (1939--1945); Stuttgart (Germany); Jewish refugees; Polish refugees; Identification documents, German issued, 1933 -- 1945

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-); German Labor Service (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-01.08.01.04, Two photographs of Anna Lipszyc (Anna Wójcik)(left) with another woman, Germany., July 1945

Photographs of Anna Lipszyc (left) with another woman. The first photograph is a close-up of the second photograph.

Subject/Index Terms:: Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Lipszyc, Anna; Wojcik, Anna; Photographs; family photographs; Germany (1945 -- 1949); personal photographs with family and friends

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-01.08.01.05, A group photograph of five women, Anna Lipszyc is first from the right, Germany, July 1945

A group photograph of five women, including Anna Lipszyc (right). The photograph is in black and white

Subject/Index Terms:: Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Lipszyc, Anna; Photographs; family photographs; Germany (1945 -- 1949); personal photographs with family and friends

Creators:: Lipszyc, Anna (1918-)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-01.08.01.06, Certificate issued to Anna Lipszyc by the Office of Military Government (US) in Stuttgart, March 1946

The document contains a certificate issued by the Office of Military Government (US) in Stuttgart to Anna Lipszyc. The document certifies Lipszyc's employment with the US Military government as a special investigator of public health matters.

Subject/Index Terms:: U.S. zone of occupation--Germany; U.S. Military Government; Identification documents--Post-WWII; Lipszyc, Anna; Stuttgart (Germany); Germany (1945 -- 1949); Public health; Culver, Robert H.; employment record

Creators:: US Military Administration in Germany; Lipszyc, Anna (1918-); Culver, Robert H. (1946)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-01.08.01.07, Employee ID card, issued to Anna Lipszyc by the Office of Military Government (US) in Wurttemberg-Baden, April 1946

The document contains an employee identification card, issued to Anna Lipszyc by the Office of Military Government (U.S.) in Wurttemberg-Baden. She was employed in the Medical Supply Unit.

Subject/Index Terms:: U.S. zone of occupation--Germany; Lipszyc, Anna; U.S. Military Government; Identification documents--Post-WWII; Germany (1945 -- 1949); Wurttemberg-Baden (Germany); Stuttgart (Germany); employment record; Official Document; English, language

Creators:: United States Military Government in Germany; Lipszyc, Anna (1918-)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-01.08.01.08, Anna Lipszyc’s employee badge issued by US Military Government for Württemberg-Baden, 1946

The document contains Anna Lipszyc's employee badge issued by the U.S. Military Government in Wurttemberg-Baden. She was certified employee No. 248.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wurttemberg-Baden (Germany); Identification documents--Post-WWII; U.S. Military Government; U.S. zone of occupation--Germany; Lipszyc, Anna; Proof of employment; English, language; Germany (1945 -- 1949)

Creators:: United States Military Government in Germany; Lipszyc, Anna (1918-)

Collection of Folder-Level 2: RG-01.08.02, Correspondence with Jurek (Georg) Gutkind, sent from the Lublin Castle prison and Buchenwald concentration camp, 1943 --1944

This foler-lever collection contains correspondence sent to Anna Lipszyc (maiden name Anna Fischer) from Jurek (Georg) Gutkind, a Jewish Order Policemen. It is believed thatJurek (Georg) Gutkind provided all the necessary documents enabling her to maintain false identity

Subject/Index Terms:: Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police); Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Personal correspondence; Lublin (Poland); Lublin Castle Prison; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; False identity; Life under false identity; False Accusations

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-01.08.02.02 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc, in Polish, from Miedzyrec, 29 June 1943

A letter sent from Jurek in Miedzyrec to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is written in Polish and is dated 29 June 1943.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; Lipszyc, Anna; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); False identity; Correspondence in Polish language; Polish, language; Life under false identity; Lublin (Poland); Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Documents in Polish language; Germany (1939--1945); Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Lublin Castle Prison; Poland (1939-1945); Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; Wojcik, Anna

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-01.08.02.04 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in German sent from Lublin Castle Prison., 15 November 1943

A letter sent from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc. The letter was sent from Lublin Castle Prison and is dated 15 November 1943. The letter is written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gutkind, Jurek; False identity; Lublin Castle Prison; Lublin (Poland); Personal correspondence; Lipszyc, Anna; Correspondence in German language; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; Germany (1939--1945); Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Life under false identity; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; Wojcik, Anna; Poland (1939-1945); Documents in German language

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-01.08.02.05 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in German, Buchenwald Concentration Camp., 12 June 1944

A letter from Jurek at the Buchenwald Concentration Camp to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 12 June 1944 and is written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lipszyc, Anna; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; correspondence to and from concentration camps; Documents in German language; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Correspondence in German language; False identity; Life under false identity; Lublin Castle Prison; Lublin (Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Germany (1939--1945); Wojcik, Anna; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; German, language

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-01.08.02.08 Translation letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc from Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 12 June 1944

A translation of a letter sent from Jurek in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 12 June 1944 and has been translated from German into English.

Subject/Index Terms:: English, language; Lipszyc, Anna; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; False identity; Life under false identity; Lublin Castle Prison; Poland (1939 --1945); Germany (1939--1945); Lublin (Poland); Wojcik, Anna; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; translated correspondence; correspondence to and from concentration camps

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Collection of Folder-Level 3: RG-01.08.02, Letters from Jurek (Georg) Gutkind, sent from the Lublin Castle prisona and Buchenwald concentration camp, translations, 1943 -- 1944

<span style="font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11px;">This foler-lever collection contains correspondence sent to Anna Lipszyc (maiden name Anna Fischer) from Jurek (Georg) Gutkind, a Jewish Order Policemen. It is believed thatJurek (Georg) Gutkind provided all the necessary documents enabling her to maintain false identity</span>

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; Lublin (Poland); Lublin Castle Prison; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; False Accusations; False identity; Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police); Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Service, policemen

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-01.08.02.01 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in Polish, Miedzyrec-Podlaski, 19 June 1943

A letter from Jurek in Miedzyrzec-Podlaski to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 19 June 1943 and written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Correspondence in Polish language; False identity; Life under false identity; Wojcik, Anna; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; Documents in Polish language; Germany (1939--1945); Poland (1939 --1945); Polish, language; Lublin (Poland); Lublin Castle Prison; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-01.08.02.02 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in Polish sent from Miedzyrzec-Podlaski, 29 June 1943

A letter from Jurek in Miedzyrzec-Podlaski to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 29 June 1943 and written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (1939-1945); Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); Aid and rescue during the war; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Correspondence in Polish language; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; Documents in Polish language; False identity; Life under false identity; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Germany (1939--1945); Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Lublin (Poland); Lublin Castle Prison; Polish, language; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; Wojcik, Anna

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-01.08.02.03 Postcard from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in Polish sent from Miedzyrzec-Podlaski, 17 June 1943

A postcard from Jurek in Miedzyrzec-Podlaski to Anna Lipszyc. The postcard is dated 17 June 1943 and written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lublin (Poland); Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; postcards; Miedzyrzec-Podlaski (Poland); Wojcik, Anna; prisoner correspondence; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Correspondence in Polish language; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; Documents in Polish language; False identity; Life under false identity; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Germany (1939--1945); Poland (1939--1945); Polish, language; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Lublin Castle Prison

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-01.08.02.04 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in German sent from Lublin Castle Prison, 15 November 1943

A letter from Jurek at the Lublin Castle Prison to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 15 November 1943 and is written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gutkind, Jurek; Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Lublin Castle Prison

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-01.08.02.05 Letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc in German sent from Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 12 June 1944

A letter from Jurek sent from the Buchenwald Concentration Camp to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 12 June 1944 and is written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gutkind, Jurek; Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Buchenwald, German-Nazi concentration camp

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-01.08.09.01 Translation letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc, 19 June 1943

The translation of a letter sent from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 19 June 1943.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; prisoner correspondence; English, language; False identity; Life under false identity; Lublin Castle Prison; Poland (1939--1945); Germany (1939--1945); Lublin (Poland); Wojcik, Anna; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; translated correspondence; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-01.08.09.03 Translation letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc censored from Lublin Castle Prison, 15 September 1943

The translation of a letter from Jurek sent from Lublin Castle Prison to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 15 September 1943 and parts of the letter has been censored.

Subject/Index Terms:: translated correspondence; Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Lublin Castle Prison; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; English, language; Life under false identity; False identity; Poland (1939--1945); Germany (1939--1945); Wojcik, Anna; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; Lublin (Poland); Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-01.08.09.04 Translation letter from Jurek to Anna Lipszyc from Buchenwald Concentration Camp, 12 June 1944

The translation of a letter from Jurek in the Buchenwald Concentration Camp to Anna Lipszyc. The letter is dated 12 June 1944.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wojcik, Anna; Lipszyc, Anna; Personal correspondence; prisoner correspondence; Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; correspondence to and from concentration camps; Lublin Castle Prison; Lublin (Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Germany (1939--1945); Life under false identity; False identity; Aid and rescue during the war; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Correspondence to and from Nazi German prisons; English, language; translated correspondence; Gutkind, Jurek, aid giver, Poland; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Polish auxiliary police under German administration, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Gutkind, Jurek