Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries, 1918 -- 1996 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

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Collection Overview

Title: Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries, 1918 -- 1996

Predominant Dates:1920s -- 1950s

ID: RG-01/RG-01

Primary Creator: Lusky, Irena (ca. 1925-)

Other Creators: Broide, Josef, Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US zone of occupation in Germany (1945 -- 1952), Epstein, Estera, Fleissig, Nika (1919-), Gerard, Betti (1934-), Gertler, Dawid, Gliksman, Henryk, Halbreich, Siegfried (1909-), Herskovic, Otto, Hirszfeld, Ludwik (1884-1954), Jonski, Jozef (1912-), Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone of Occupation in Germany, Leon, Erica, Lipszyc, Anna (1918-), Mitdank, Marta, Schragai, Alice, van Huzun, John, Ziff, Barry

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement:

The arrangement scheme for the record group was imposed during processing in the absence of an original order. Materials are arranged by creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor.

Record group is comprised of thirteen collections and five items, the collections of which are: 1. Nika Fleissig papers; 2. Collection of Dachau diaries and letters; 3. Anna Przeworska-Pratt papers; 4. Siegfried Halbreich papers; 5. Barry Ziff papers; 8. Anna Lipszyc papers; 9. Betty Gerard papers; 10. Dawid Gertler papers; 11. Josef Brojde papers; 12. Henryk Gliksman papers; 13. Central Committee of Liberated Jews in U.S. Zone of Occupation in Germany papers.

Subjects: Accusation and suspicion of collaboration in the Holocaust, Allied Military and Civil administration in Germany, Collaboration in ghettos, collaboration in the Holocaust, Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust, Immigration to Israel, Immigration to United States, Jewish-Gentile relations, Jewish courts of honor, Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany), Legal defense in the Jewish courts of Honor, Means of adaptation and survival in concentration camps, Means of adaptation and survival in the ghettos, personal diaries, postwar life in Europe, survival tactics

Forms of Material: Diaries--Wartime, Memoirs, Memoirs--Post-WWII, Personal memoirs and recollections, Personal testimonies

Languages: English, German, Polish, Yiddish

Abstract

This Record Group is composed of 18 sub-record groups, all devoted to personal and collective memoirs and testimonies, recorded soon after the Second World War. There a few narratives narrated during the wartime.

They reflect various aspects of prewar life, survival under Nazi occupation: ghetto and camp experience, hiding, false identity, resistance activity, liberation, and immigration to the countries of current residence. There are several diaries kept in the camp, ghetto, and in the partisan unit. The original records are in English, German, Polish, and Yiddish. Largely, the documents are partially or fully translated in English. Sub-groups or individual collections within this record group comprise original documents, photographs, artifacts, as well as non-original copies and secondary publications.

Scope and Contents of the Materials

The record group contains memoirs, testimonies, and other recollections written before, during, and after the war. They reflect various aspects of prewar life, survival under Nazi occupation--ghetto and camp experience, hiding, false identity, resistance activity--liberation, and immigration. There are several diaries kept in the camp, ghetto, and in the partisan unit. The collections also comprise of original documents, photographs, artifacts, digitized materials, as well as non-original copies and secondary source publications.

Largely, the documents are partially or fully translated in English, but there are also original documents in German, Polish, and Yiddish.

Collection Historical Note

This macro Record Group comprises archival narratives, photodocuments, correspondences and other form of wartime recollections. It is subdivided into 18 sub-record groups. Largely, it is unified by the common theme, that is, reflections on the Holocaust. These narrated reflections vary content and form. Overall, they describe, personal, family and community experience during and after the Holocaust. These narratives are penned by Jewish, non-Jewish authors, as well as by the Jewish organizations and officials. All 18 sub-record groups are unified by a common denominator, namely the analysis and insight of the personally experienced tragedy of the Holocaust, War and postwar difficulties.

Biographical Note

Irena Lusky, née Deuel, was born ca. 1925 in Kaunas (Kovno), Lithuania in an upper middle-class, well educated, and assimilated Jewish family. She describes her childhood experiences in the well-off family focusing on the interfamily relations between herself, her parents, her grandparents, and her sister. Further, Irena Lusky’s narrative depicts a certain strata of Jewish intelligentsia of interwar Lithuania.

The period of 1940-1941, during the Soviet annexation of Lithuania, is reflected through the prism of a young adult’s comprehension of social and political changes taking place in mundane life, as well as of the events jeopardizing the very existence of their family. The latter is related to their arrest and initial stage of deportation, and their release from the transport to Siberia at the last moment. The Deuel family was freed due to the influential intervention of Dr. Finkelstein, an old family friend, who was in high esteem by the new Communist government of Lithuania.

The Deuel family was exposed to the war hardships from the first day, June 22, 1941, when Germany invaded the Soviet Union. After a failed flight attempt, they returned to German-occupied Vilnius (Vilna). While en route to Vilnius, they were arrested several times. Although, at that initial stage of German occupation, it was still possible for them to be released from jail either with the help of bribery or simply appealing to “a good German.”

Irena Lusky describes the life in the Vilna ghetto from two perspectives: first and foremost as a young adult experiencing all ghetto hardships and second, to a lesser extent, as a memoir writer of late 1970s. This latter perspective shows the post-Holocaust interpretations together with the author’s personal reckoning. Overall, this combination of two uncorrelated perspectives culminates in the authentic and independent account with regard to the various sides of ghetto life. Ghetto inhabitants, Judenrat members, resistance activities, German authorities, and numerous existential situations are reflected in the narrative. The reader will find among other such reflections, the author’s insights on Jewish leadership as a whole and specifically on such controversial figure as Jacob Gens, the head of the Judenrat and the Jewish Police Force in the ghetto. The Wittenberg Affair is also accounted as the author’s first-hand experience.

Irena was also only indirectly involved in the FPO (Fareinikte Partizaner Organizatsie—United Partisan Organization) and therefore did not join its members in escaping from the ghetto into the forest to continue the partisan struggle. The FPO decided to leave the ghetto before it was liquidated. The Deuel family survived the liquidation of the ghetto only to face German selection. In September 1943, the remaining ghetto inhabitants were taken outside the city into an open field called Rossa for the selection. The first stage of selection separated male and female family members. Irena would never see again her Father, Dr. Finkelstein, and her boyfriend Gamek Sturman. The next stage of selection resulted in the separation of Irena and Tamara from their mother. The Germans directed the daughters to the right, while their mother was sent to the left. The sisters sensed that “right” meant life and some hope, while the people sent on the left were doomed. Irena remembers how her mother was calmed and pleased by seeing the daughters on the life side. Irena and Tamar Deuel were deported to the Kaiserwald concentration camp near Riga, Latvia.

After a ten-week imprisonment in Kaiserwald, Irena and Tamara were transferred to the AEG factory in Riga, a labor camp officially referred as Riga-Strasdenhof camp, where they lived at worked. The conditions there were slightly better than in the Kaiserwald camp. In 1944, with the Soviet Army nearing Riga, the Germans evacuated AEG labor camp to Toruń (Thorn), Poland. Here, another underground factory was to be set up in the former castle, designated as “Fort 13.” Irena Deuel (Lusky) remained in Thorn-AEG, the official camp name, through December 1944. At the end of December 1944, the female prisoners of the Thorn-AEG camp were forced to march west, in the direction of Germany. Being badly wearied and ultimately starved, the prisoners were compelled to keep pace under German command.

Irena Deuel managed to escape from the forced march when the column was passing the city of Bydgoszcz (Bromberg), Poland. She ran up to a house and begged for shelter. Only after the long persuasion, a Polish woman let Irena in. After a week of hiding, in January 1945, the entering Soviet Army liberated Irena and the other girls at their hideout. Wandering through the streets of Bydgoszcz, Irena met her sister Tamara and other girls from the camp. Soon after their group left Bydgoszcz for central Poland and headed for Lublin, then a Polish provisional capital. In Lublin Irena learned that her Mother, Father, and Gamek had not survived. Her father was killed in the Klooga concentration camp, Estonia. Her mother was gassed in Majdanek concentration camp, and Gamek died of typhus.

It was in Lublin that Irena, Tamara, and a few other Jewish girls joined the Bricha Movement (an organized Jewish illegal immigration movement from East-Central Europe through the allied-occupied zones to the British-Mandate Palestine). Eventually Irena met the former Vilna Jewish partisan commander Abba Kovner, who was in charge of Bricha operations in East-Central Europe. This meeting played a decisive role in her future when she made a commitment to Palestine, her eventual Jewish home. In total, Irena’s journey to Palestine lasted from March 1945 to January 1946. After a year and a half of wandering through Romania, Hungary, Austria, and Italy, their group finally arrived in the British-mandated Palestine in January 1946. She, as thousands of others at that time, was an illegal Jewish immigrant brought there by the means of another clandestine Jewish movement-- Aliyah Bet, under the patronization of the Jewish Brigade. Upon their arrival to Haifa, the British authorities interned all the repatriates from their ship in the Atlit internment camp.

Eventually the Jewish Agency provided the internees with appropriate papers, and the British set them free. Her first encounter with fellow Jews in a kibbutz was a disappointment to Irena’s expectations and visions for a free and peaceful life in her Jewish state. Irena highly resented the indifference the locals showed to the newcomers in particular, and to the fate of European Jewry during the Holocaust in general.

It was not until Irena Deuel met Maikel Levin in the summer of 1946 that she began to feel differently about herself and the people around her. Confidence, sympathy, and hope had again filled her life. Having met Maikel at the party, she moved to the Beit Zera kibbutz, on the bank of the Jordan River, near the Sea of Galilee, to be with him. Maikel was a real pioneer and a patriot of the Land. His love helped Irena to appreciate the land and people of Israel. She soon married Maikel and for a while, the couple continued to live at the kibbutz. Irena did not fit into kibbutz work and although she tried her best, kibbutzniks were not satisfied with her. Eventually, it was Maikel’s decision to leave the kibbutz and settle down in a town.

They settled in Givatayim and with the help of a friend Maikel found a job and an apartment. Although they lacked money and situation of the country worsened with every day, they were happy. Adding to this happiness, she became pregnant and looked with hope to the future. On 14 May 1948, independence and establishment of the Jewish State in Eretz-Israel was proclaimed. The war for independence had begun. As a Haganah soldier, Maikel was called up for service. He had to arrive to the Recruitment Center on 18 May 1948. He left home in the morning heading first for work and then, after the workday, to the Recruitment Center. The war between the Israelis and Arabs had already begun, with Jerusalem under siege and local skirmishes beginning to erupt in many places. On that day, 18 May 1948, an explosion at the Central Bus Station, perpetrated by the terrorists, killed Maikel Levin. Irena remained unaware of his fate until the next morning. She was then eight-month pregnant.

In a month Irena gave birth to a girl, but was going through an extremely hard time and suffered mentally and physically. As she recalls, “I was hardly alive, little I comprehended what was going around me.” She could not even take care of her daughter Michal. Eventually time cured her wounds; she remarried to Shimon Lusky, and gave birth to another child, a son. In the 1970s, she was still living in Israel, her past never having left her. She took up this writing with the intention to separate herself from this burden and to place her personal vision, recollections, and reflections in a literary, truthful, and intimate account of her and her time.

Subject/Index Terms

Accusation and suspicion of collaboration in the Holocaust
Allied Military and Civil administration in Germany
Collaboration in ghettos
collaboration in the Holocaust
Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust
Immigration to Israel
Immigration to United States
Jewish-Gentile relations
Jewish courts of honor
Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany)
Legal defense in the Jewish courts of Honor
Means of adaptation and survival in concentration camps
Means of adaptation and survival in the ghettos
personal diaries
postwar life in Europe
survival tactics

Administrative Information

Repository: Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Access Restrictions: No restrictions

Use Restrictions:

Copyrighted materials, credits to and references to the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust are required

Digital copies might be available upon request

Preferred Citation: RG-01, Personal Memoirs, Testimonies and Diaries. Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust Archive.

Processing Information: Materials are primarily described using the local descriptive standards of the LA Museum of the Holocaust.

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG-01.01, Irena Lusky Collection, 1976 -- 1977],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG-01.02, Nika Fleissig papers, ca. 1920-1989],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-01.03, Collection of Dachau diaries and letters, 1933-1945],
[Sub-Collection 4: RG-01.04, Anna Przeworska-Pratt papers, 1939 -1973],
[Sub-Collection 5: RG-01.05, Siegfried Halbreich papers, 1939 -- 1970s],
[Sub-Collection 6: RG-01.06, Barry Ziff papers, 1944-1945],
[Sub-Collection 7: RG-01.07, Erica Leon Testimony],
[Sub-Collection 8: RG-01.08, Anna Lipszyc papers, 1939 -- 1946],
[Sub-Collection 9: RG-01.09, Betti Gerard papers, 1936-1949],
[Sub-Collection 10: RG-01.10, Marta Mitdank testimony, 15 October 1946],
[Sub-Collection 11: RG-01.11, Dawid Gertler papers, 1948-1949],
[Sub-Collection 12: RG-01.12, Ludwik Hirshfeld memoir, 1946],
[Sub-Collection 13: RG-01.13, Josef Broide papers, 1979],
[Sub-Collection 14: RG-01.14, Henryk Gliksman papers, 1948-1949],
[Sub-Collection 15: RG-01.15, Alice Schragai memoir, 21 January 1982],
[Sub-Collection 16: RG-01.16, Central Committee of Liberated Jews in U.S. Zone of Occupation in Germany papers, 1946-1949],
[Sub-Collection 17: RG-01.17, Otto Herskovic memoir, 1946],
[Sub-Collection 18: RG-01.18, John van Huzun wartime diary the Netherlands, 1944-1945],
[Sub-Collection 19: RG-01.19, Rysia Edelman, Wartime Memoir, Poland],
[Sub-Collection 20: RG-01.20, Ernest (Jacob) Lorant memoir, Hungary, 1944-1946],
[All]

Sub-Collection 11: RG-01.11, Dawid Gertler papers, 1948-1949

This collection is comprised of documents relating to the pre-trial hearings conducted by the Jewish Court of Honor, established by The Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone of Occupation. These materials include various correspondences between Dawid Gertler and his defense attorney Estera Epstein, as well as other notes made in relation to the proceedings.

These documents stem from the litigation and proceedings concerning the case of Dawid Gertler, one of the former high-ranking Judenrät officials of the Lodz ghetto. The Jewish Court of Honor in Munich tried this case. The documents represent a pre-trial proceeding related to his administrative functions at the Lodz Ghetto Jewish police and collaboration with the German administration. A number of the documents relate to the technicalities of the case, such as Gertler’s willingness to cover the costs of air-flights for the witnesses in his favor and correspondence setting the dates for the hearings.

Language of Material: Yiddish, Polish, German, English

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); U.S. zone of occupation; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Second World War; Jewish history; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration with German administration; Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera; Piekacz, Pejsach; Pacanowski, Szaja; Kasz, Guta; Kenigstein, Cesia; Beckman, Gustawa; Goldsztajn, Moische; Kazs, Sarah; Moszenberg, Adler; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Corruption in the ghetto; Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; False documents, passports; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Biebow, Hans; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Collaboration in ghettos

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-01.11.01, Dawid Gertler Papers, Notes in Yiddish 17., September 1947

Notes about Dawid Gertler in Lodz ghetto in 1940 --1942. The document reflects his collaborating and black market activities

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz (Poland); False identity; False documents, passports; Collaboration with German administration; Jewish collaborators; Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of collaborative activities in concentration camps; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-01.11.02, Dawid Gertler Papers, page 21, 1947

A piece of paper with a note written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Collaboration in ghettos; False documents, passports; Jewish collaborators; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; collaboration in the Holocaust; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Collaboration with German administration; Jewish courts of honor; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-01.11.03, Dawid Gertler papers, p. 21, translation, 1947

A translation of the document RG-01.11.02.

Subject/Index Terms:: Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration with German administration; Gertler, Dawid; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Epstein, Estera; collaboration in the Holocaust; Corruption in the ghetto; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor; Judenraete (Jewish councils); English, language; documents translated from Polish; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Investigation of collaborative activities in concentration camps; Investigation of Jewish collaborators

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-01.11.04, David Gertler, Estera Epstein, statement for the Jewish Court of Honor, translation, 21 September 1949

A letter from defense attorney Estera Epstein for Dawid Gertler to the Honor Court in Munich. The letter contains a list of supplements and improvements to the protocal of the publish trial of the defendant Dawid Gertler. The letter also contains Dawid Gertler's entire testimony about his actions during his time spent in the Lodz Ghetto. The letter has been translated from Yiddish using Latin script into English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera; Collaboration with German administration; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; documents translated from Yiddish; English, language; Investigation of collaborative activities in concentration camps; Smuggling in the ghettos; Rescue and aid in the Holocaust; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (1939--1945); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); collaboration in Warsaw Ghetto, 1939--1945; False identity; False documents, passports; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Radogoszcz Prison, Lodz (Poland); Deportations from Lodz ghetto; Joint Distribution Committee, Warsaw and Lodz Ghettos; postwar correspondence; legal correspondence; Corruption in the ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-01.11.05, Dawid Gertler papers, p. 24, translation

The translation of a letter sent to defense attorney Estera Epstein from her client Dawid Gertler. The letter has been translated from Polish to English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Collaboration in ghettos; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Personal correspondence; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Jewish courts of honor; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; documents translated from Polish; English, language; legal correspondence

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-01.11.06, David Gertler, p. 22, translation

The translation of the testimony of defendant Dawid Gertler. This is a translated letter written by Estera Epstein and sent to the Courts of Honor in Munich, Germany. The letter has been translated from Yiddish using Latin script into English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Beckman, Gustawa; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Jewish courts of honor; Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration with German administration; collaboration in the Holocaust; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; documents translated from Yiddish; English, language; Investigation of collaborative activities in concentration camps; Smuggling in the ghettos; Rescue and aid in the Holocaust; aid and rescue in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (1939--1945); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); collaboration in Warsaw Ghetto, 1939--1945; False identity; False documents, passports; Radogoszcz Prison, Lodz (Poland); Deportations from Lodz ghetto; Joint Distribution Committee, Warsaw and Lodz Ghettos; postwar correspondence; legal correspondence; Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: Dawid Gertler Papers 34, 13 August 1949

This document contains handwritten notes concerning the defense trial of Dawid Gertler.

Subject/Index Terms:: Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; False documents, passports; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); False identity; Poland (1939--1945); Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; German, language; Polish, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: Dawid Gertler papers, p. 34, translation, 13, 27 August 1949

A handwritten note written by Estera Epstein concerning the defense trial of Dawid Gertler. The document lists witnesses that need to send in their testimonies as well as their addresses. The document also contains a portion of Dawid Gertler's testimony.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish courts of honor; Judenraete (Jewish councils); collaboration in the Holocaust; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Poland (1939--1945); False documents, passports; documents translated from Polish; documents translated from German; English, language; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); False identity

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: Dawid Gertler Papers 24

A handwritten letter from Gertler to his attorney, notifying her that a person will be calling her between four and five. Gertler asks her to stay home until five-thirty to make sure she receives the call. The note is undated and written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Collaboration in ghettos; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Jewish courts of honor; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Polish, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: Dawid Gertler Papers, final defense, 24--27 September 1949

Handwritten notes for Dawid Gertler's final defense. The source of the note is unclear, though it was either written by Dawid Gertler or Estera Epstein. The notes were written in Polish and Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Legal defense in the Jewish courts of Honor; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Judenraete (Jewish councils); German, language; Polish, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: Dawid Gertler Papers, Defense notes in Yiddish, 12, 22 September 1949

Handwritten defense notes for Dawid Gertler's trial. It is unclear who wrote these notes, but it is likely that they were written by Estera Epstein. The notes are handwritten in Yiddish using a Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: Dawid Gertler, final defense, translation, 27 September 1949

The translation of the final defense of Dawid Gertler. This document is the translation of RG-01.11.10. The original note was written in Polish and Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; documents translated from Yiddish; documents translated from Polish; English, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: Dawid Gertler Papers, defense notes, Yiddish, 18, 28 September 1949

Handwritten defense notes for the trial of Dawid Gertler. The notes are written in Yiddish using a Latin script and were most likely written by Estera Epstein.

Subject/Index Terms:: Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: Dawid Gertler Papers, Estera Epstein, Yiddish, statement, 21 September 1949

The official statement made by Dawid Gertler and transcribed by his attorney, Estera Epstein. In the statement, Gertler gives his version of events before and during his time spent in the Lodz Ghetto. The statement has been typed by Epstein and is written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Beckman, Gustawa; Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Goldsztajn, Moische; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Moszenberg, Adler; Pacanowski, Szaja; Piekacz, Pejsach; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: Dawid Gertler papers, pp. 17,18, translation, 27, 28 September 1949

A translation of a handwritten testimony taken during the Dawid Gertler trial. This witness acted as a witness for the defense. The document was translated from Polish and from Yiddish written in Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Warsaw ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Black market activities in the Holocaust; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; False documents, passports; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; documents translated from Polish; documents translated from Yiddish; English, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: Dawid Gertler, Protocol, 27, 28 September 1949

A handwritten protocal that applied to the trial of Dawid Gertler. The protocal was most likely written by his attorney, Estera Epstein and is written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; Corruption in the ghetto; Collaboration with German administration; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor; Polish, language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: Dawid Gertler, defense, translation, August 1949

A translation of Estera Epstein's defense notes for the trial of Dawid Gertler. The document contains names of witnesses they need to contact as well as a portion of Gertler's personal statement. The note was originally written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; English, language; documents translated from Polish

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: Dawid Gertler Papers, 10,11,14,15,19,20, 23,25,-27, 29,32,33,37-41, the entire document, Yidish, 1949

This document contains all of the original documents in this collection. This includes trial notes written by Estera Epstein, witness testimonies submitted for the trial, and Dawid Gertler's original statement. The documents are all written in Yiddish using a Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Judenraete (Jewish councils); Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Beckman, Gustawa; Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Goldsztajn, Moische; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Jewish history; Kasz, Guta; Kazs, Sarah; Kenigstein, Cesia; Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Moszenberg, Adler; Pacanowski, Szaja; Piekacz, Pejsach; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Second World War; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: Dawid Gertler Papers, p. 27, 30, translation

The translation of a statement made by Dawid Gertler. The document briefly describes Gertler's life before he went to the Lodz Ghetto as well as his time spend working for the Sonderabteilung. The document was originally typed in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish collaborators; Lodz (Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Jewish courts of honor; Collaboration with German administration; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; English, language; documents translated from Yiddish

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: Dawid Gertler, defense notes, Yiddish, 19 August 1949

Handwritten defense notes for the trial of Dawid Gertler. The notes are written in Yiddish using Latin script and were most likely written by Estera Epstein.

Subject/Index Terms:: Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Biebow, Hans; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor; Yiddish, language; Documents in Yiddish language

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: Dawid Gertler Papers, Estera Epstein, defense notes, Yiddish, 44, September 1949

Typed defense notes for the Dawid Gertler trial. These defense notes also include the protocal for the trial. They were most likely written by Estera Epstein and they were typed in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Jewish courts of honor; Yiddish, language; Documents in Yiddish language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: Dawid Gertler papers, p. 31, translation

The translations of three short notes sent to attorney Estera Epstein from her client Dawid Gertler. The notes were all handwritten and written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal correspondence; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish history; Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Jewish courts of honor; Judenraete (Jewish councils); documents translated from Polish; English, language; legal correspondence

Creators:: Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: Dawid Gertler Papers p. 39, witnesses, , translation, 5, 7, 9, 10 February 1949

The translations of testimonies submitted after a press note was released concerning the trial of Dawid Gertler. This document includes testimonies from Dina Sznajderman, Dzialowska Toba, Fabian Bronislawa, Dr. Benjamin Dysenhaus, and Gecel Friedman. All of testimonies were handwritten in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Testimonies, Dawid Gertler trial; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish collaborators; Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Gertler, Dawid; Epstein, Estera; Corruption in the ghetto; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Jewish courts of honor; English, language; documents translated from Polish

Creators:: Dina Sznajderman; Dzialowska Toba; Fabian Bronislawa; Dr. Benjamin Dysenhaus; Gecel Friedman; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: Dawid Gertler Papers, a note to Estera Epstein, Yiddish, 31, 1949

A collection of handwritten and typed notes from Dawid Gertler to his attorney Estera Epstein. The notes are written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Personal correspondence; Jewish collaborators on trials; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Collaboration with German administration; Jewish courts of honor; Documents in Yiddish language; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 25: Dawid Gertler Papers, Notes in Yiddish, recollections, 1-9

Handwritten notes relating to the trial of Dawid Gertler. These notes were most likely written by his attorny Estera Epstein. The notes are his recollections of his time spent in the Lodz Ghetto working for Rumkowski and the Sonderarbeiteilung. The notes were written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; collaboration in the Holocaust; Jewish courts of honor; Yiddish, language; Documents in Yiddish language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 26: Dawid Gertler Papers, Notes in Yiddish, p. 17, 1949

Handwritten notes for the trial of Dawid Gertler. The notes were most likely written by his attorney Estera Epstein. The notes were written in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Collaboration in ghettos; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; Documents in Yiddish language; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 27: Dawid Gertler Papers, witnesses, Yiddish, p. 42,

A collection of typed witness testimonies submitted for the trial of Dawid Gertler. The testimonies come from different parts of the world, including Los Angeles California. The testimonies have been typed in Yiddish using Latin script.

Subject/Index Terms:: Testimonies, Dawid Gertler trial; Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; False documents, passports; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; Documents in Yiddish language; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 28: Dawid Gertler Papers, witnesses, English and Yiddish, p. 43, September 1949

This typed document is a collection of witness testimonies in the case of Dawid Gertler. The first part of the document is written in English and the second part is written in Yiddish using Latin script. The witnesses include Cesia Kenigstein and Sarah Kazs, who both testified in favor of Dawid Gertler.

Subject/Index Terms:: Testimonies, Dawid Gertler trial; Attitudes toward Nazi collaboration and/or collaborators; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; False documents, passports; Gertler, Dawid; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish courts of honor--Munich (Germany); Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Jewish history; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Kazs, Sarah; Kenigstein, Cesia; Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Documents in English language; Documents in Yiddish language; English, language; Yiddish, language

Creators:: Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Zone of Occupation in Germany; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 29: RG-01.11.29, Dawid Gertler Papers, Investigative materials , translations

A collection of materials relating to the investigation and trial of Dawid Gertler that have been translated. This document includes testimonies for Gertler, the protocal of the trial, and a press release asking for any information and evidence for or against Gertler to be brought forward.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Black market activities in the Holocaust; Central Committee of Liberated Jews in the US Occupation Zone of Germany; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Collaboration in ghettos; collaboration in the Holocaust; Collaboration of Jewish Administration in the Holocaust; Collaboration with German administration; Corruption in the ghetto; Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid; Testimonies, Dawid Gertler trial; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Investigation of Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators; Jewish collaborators on trials; Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw; Judenraete (Jewish councils); Legal Department of the Central Committee of Liberated Jews in Germany; Lodz (Poland); Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Relations between Jewish ghetto administration and German administration in the Holocaust; Sonderabteilung (Special Department), Lodz ghetto; Sonderabteilung (Special unit of the Jewish police); Szpera or Allgemeine Gehsperre, a ban on leaving houses and appartments, Lodz ghetto, September 1942; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Jewish courts of honor; documents translated from Polish; documents translated from Yiddish; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Epstein, Estera; Gertler, Dawid