Photo Archive of the Holocaust, 1939-1945 | Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

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Collection Overview

Title: Photo Archive of the Holocaust, 1939-1945

Predominant Dates:1939 -- 1945

ID: RG-45/RG-45

Primary Creator: Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)

Other Creators: Holocaust Repositories, Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust

Extent: 0.0

Arrangement: Materials are arranged by subject/creator, then by identifier, as assigned by the processor

Forms of Material: Jews of Germany, History of Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany, narrative, Wooden Synagogue, Lancut, Poland

Languages: Polish, German, English

Abstract

A collection of photo-documents from the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust and from the other repositories.

Overall, these are secondary photo-documents reflecting Nazi-German atrocities, life in the ghettos and concentration camps and day-to-day life in the German-occupied and controlled territories

Scope and Contents of the Materials

This Record Group comprises three collections, namely Negartives of the Photo-Documents; Secondary Photo-Documents and Poland, wartime photo-documents and the photo-documents from Polish repositories.

Collection Historical Note

A collection of secondary materials gathered for the purpose of exhibit-building for the new Museum building opening in October 2010. The secondary materials were gathered from other institution, historical publications and educational material, and resources available to the public through the internet. As these documents were gathered for exhibit research, not all images were used for the permanent exhibit. Information on images used throughout the museum in its permanent exhibit can be found in reference to Museum Curatorship documents. In this record group, there is one sub-collection of negatives that has its own finding aid. In terms of regional affiliation, this record group comprises images of the big ghettos, such as Warsaw, Lodz, as well as from the smaller ghettos like Tarnów, Zablocie. Therefore the images are organized roughly according to region and theme but have no sub-collections.

RG-45.01, Negatives

RG-45.01.01, All That Remained Photo Montage

Accession #: 82.44

Accession Date: 19 February 1982

Photo montage of piles of glasses, combs, hair, shoes, shaving brushes, toothbrushes, artificial limbs, and dishes

RG-45.01.02, Caption about humanitarian documents. The caption starts with “Read how the most righteous humanitarian documents called ‘Statement of the German Atrocities’ signed by Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill did not list the name of a Jew under its victims in Sept. 1944…”

RG-45.01.03, Caption only for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Caption only, for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined

RG-45.01.04, Captions only, starting with Deportation of German Jews

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Captions, starting with “Deportation of German Jews.” Part of Jewish Federation Captions

RG-45.01.05, Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization. Part of Jewish Federation Captions

RG-45.01.06, Children not able to leave - Zbaszyn, Poland, 1939

Dated: 1939

Accession #: 82.361

Accession Date: 25 October 1982

A group of German Jewish children from German Jewish families expelled to, but not accepted by, Poland. Jewish relief organizations stepped in to organize a transport of the children to England, but the Germans invaded Poland before the transport

RG-45.01.07, Corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau, Photo Montage, 1945

Accession #: 82.56

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

Photographs of atrocities at Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau camps. Photo montage of piles of corpses and human bones

RG-45.01.08, Daily Mirror editorial about the rejection of St. Louis, 1939

Dated: 6 June 1939

Accession #: 8147

An editorial article in the Daily Mirror about the 907 Jewish refugees on the St. Louis refused entrance to America

RG-45.01.09, Demonic Germany and the Predicament of Humanity, 1938

Dated: 30 November 1938

Accession #: 8147

An article condemning Germany but also opposing immigration of European Jews into the United States on the grounds of the need for social integration of already-existing minority groups. Written in The Christian Century

RG-45.01.10, Gideon Hausner, opening address of Eichmann Trial

Accession #: 82.66

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

A photograph of Gideon Hausner, Chief Prosecutor of the Eichmann Trial, next to a quote from his opening address at the trial

RG-45.01.11, Jewish Federation Titles and Captions

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

Four sheets of negatives with titles and captions

RG-45.01.12, Jewish Prisoners Waiting and Excerpt from “The Auschwitz Album.” A photograph of Jewish prisoners waiting in the forest and an excerpt from Lili Meir from “The Auschwitz Album” describing the scene and deception before prisoners entered into the gas chambers

RG-45.01.13, Letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski Recognizing Help from Jewish Partisans

Dated: 21 December

Accession #: 84.84

Accession Date: 30 April 1984

A letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski recognizing and appreciating services from Jewish Partisans

RG-45.01.14, New York Times Kristallnacht Article, 1938 (negative)

Dated: 11 November 1938

Accession #: 3892 ? (Number on envelope)

New York Times article from Friday, November 11, 1938 about Kristallnacht, titled “Nazis Smash, Loot, and Burn Jewish Shops and Temples Until Goebbels Calls Halt.” Smaller headlines include “All Vienna’s Synagogues Attacked; Fires and Bombs Wreck 18 of 21” and “Jews are Beaten, Furniture and Goods Flung from Homes and Shops—15,000 are Jailed During Day—20 are Suicides,” 2 copies

RG-45.01.15, NY Times Kristallnacht article (same as above, but not negative)

RG-45.01.16, NY Times Warsaw Ghetto article, Secret Polish Radio asks Aid, Cut off

RG-45.01.17, Photo and Excerpt from the Auschwitz Album, Carpathian Jews. A photograph of Jews arriving by train and an excerpt from “The Auschwitz Album” describing some of the conditions on the trains

RG-45.01.18, Police Officer Hoffmann Report to Gestapo concerning the Jewish Question, 1943

Accession #: 82.38

Accession Date: 15 February 1982

RG-45.01.19, Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel

Accession #: 84.75

Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel regarding Bulgarian Jews

RG-45.01.20, Selection at Auschwitz

RG-45.01.21, Soap Factory near Danzig

Accession #: 82.105

Accession Date: 8 March 1982

Three photos of the interior of a “soap factory” near Danzig. While there is no evidence that human fat was used for soap on an industrial scale as rumors suggest, there allegedly were some experiments conducted with that concept

RG-45.01.22, Theresienstadt Ghetto gate with Arbeit macht frei sign

RG-45.01.23, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument Photo and Caption Accession #: 82.61

Accession Date: 22 February 1982

Photograph of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument and brief explanation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-45.01.24, Watchtower and Barbed Wire. Negative of a watchtower and electric barbed wire on fences

RG-45.02, Secondary photo-documents

RG-45.02.01, a concentration camp at liberation

RG-45.02.02, A Jewish order policeman with his wife and son, Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.03, Adam Czerniakow at the roll call with the Jewish order police, Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.04, Adam Czerniakow in his Warsaw ghetto Judenrat office at the meeting

RG-45.02.05, Adam Czerniakow with a German official, Warsaw

RG-45.02.06, Albert Einstein

RG-45.02.07, Alexander Pecherskij, led the Sobibor revolt

RG-45.02.08, Arriving to a camp

RG-45.02.09, Auschwitz, deposit of spoons

RG-45.02.10, Auschwitz negative

RG-45.02.11, Auschwitz, a column of women and children, allegedly in Auschwitz

RG-45.02.12, pile of shoes, Auschwitz

RG-45.02.13, Auschwitz, arrival of a transport

RG-45.02.14, Auschwitz, 'Canada' prisoners' toothbrushes, cloth brushes, and other personal items

RG-45.02.15, Auschwitz, children survivors of the camp and medical experiments

RG-45.02.16, Auschwitz, forced labor site

RG-45.02.17, Auschwitz, selection on the ramp after arrival

RG-45.02.18, Auschwitz, sorting out the former possessions of prisoners

RG-45.02.19, Auschwitz, survivor of Auschwitz medical experiments

RG-45.02.20, Auschwitz, unloading prisoners' luggage

RG-45.02.21, Auschwitz, view of a cattle car, trains, and German soldiers, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.22, Babi Yar, USHMM, 28363

RG-45.02.23, Baranow, Poland, a Hebrew School

RG-45.02.24, Baranow, a Hebrew School

RG-45.02.25, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, arrival of prisoners

RG-45.02.26, Bergen-Belsen, prisoners by barracks are lined up

RG-45.02.27, Cracow, a group of Jewish students after the tour

RG-45.02.28, Cracow, school photograph, Jewish coeducational gymnasium, female graduates

RG-45.02.29, Deportation of Jews from a West European country, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.30, Drancy transit camp, wall with inscriptions

RG-45.02.31, Drancy transit camp

RG-45.02.32, German administration in civilian diner in Lodz

RG-45.02.33, German officer takes a photograph of the religious Jews in Zablocie, Poland

RG-45.02.34, German soldier cuts off the beard of a Jewish man, humiliation scene, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.35, Germany, early 1930s, Book burning

RG-45.02.36, Group portrait of members of the Lodz ghetto police

RG-45.02.37, Hans Biebow in the Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.38, Hitler after being released from the Landsberg Prison where he spent eight months

RG-45.02.39, Hitler and a child in SA uniform, 1942

RG-45.02.40, Holland, deportation, a street scene

RG-45.02.41, Janowska Camp, Lwow, Camp Orchestra

RG-45.02.42, Jewish order police arresting two Jewish youths for smuggling in the Warsaw ghetto

RG-45.02.43, Jewish order police in Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.44, Jewish order police on snow removal duty in Lodz

RG-45.02.45, Jewish order police, Bundesarchiv

RG-45.02.46, Jewish police action in Warsaw ghetto

RG-45.02.47, Jewish policemen convoy a group of Jews, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.48, Jewish service to maintain order, Ordungsdienst

RG-45.02.49, Jews from villages are forced to a ghetto

RG-45.02.50, Jews in Germany, history

RG-45.02.51, Kaunas, interwar Lithuania, Jewish soccer team

RG-45.02.52, Killing by a German Labor Serviceman, USHMM, 64407

RG-45.02.53, Kristallnacht, a synagogue in flame

RG-45.02.54, Kristallnacht, nighttime, a synagogue in flame

RG-45.02.55, Kristallnacht, a burning synagogue

RG-45.02.56, Lancut, Poland, Wooden Synagogue

RG-45.02.57, Lodz ghetto, a boy feeds the small girl

RG-45.02.58, Lodz ghetto, allegedly a deportation scene

RG-45.02.59, Lodz ghetto, Chaim Mordechaj Rumkowski speaking at the Judenrat meeting

RG-45.02.60, Lodz ghetto, theatrical performance

RG-45.02.61, Lodz ghetto, three women at work

RG-45.02.62, Lodz ghetto, women in a sewing workshop

RG-45.02.63, Lwow ghetto, Search for a Jewish female under false identity

RG-45.02.64, Majdanek after liberation, a pile of corpses

RG-45.02.65, Majdanek after liberation, an emaciated female prisoner

RG-45.02.66, Majdanek after liberation, emaciated male survivors, camera depicts them naked

RG-45.02.67, Majdanek after liberation, Soviet soldiers examine the dead prisoners

RG-45.02.68, Majdanek, a dead prisoner on barbed wire

RG-45.02.69, Mauthausen after liberation, a row of dead bodies

RG-45.02.70, Mauthausen, one of the initial memorial sites

RG-45.02.71, Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda

RG-45.02.72, Nazi gathering

RG-45.02.73, Nazi Germany, a German woman is publicly humiliated for the connection with Jews

RG-45.02.74, Nuremberg, Nazi rally

RG-45.02.75, Operation Beriha, on the way to Palestine

RG-45.02.76, Operation Beriha, Jewish kids on the illegal path to Palestine

RG-45.02.77, Operation Beriha, preparing for Palestine

RG-45.02.78, Piotrkow Trybunalski, a Jewish Quarter, pre-war Poland

RG-45.02.79, Poland, a camp memorial

RG-45.02.80, Poland, at the advertisement board

RG-45.02.81, President Hindenburg congratulates Hitler for being elected Chancellor

RG-45.02.82, Przedborz, Poland, Wooden Synagogue

RG-45.02.83, Registration in the Ghetto

RG-45.02.84, Report Tells of Nazi Annihilation of 2,000,000 Jews in Europe, from Heral Tribune

RG-45.02.85, Romek Kaliski, member of the Jewish order police in the Lodz ghetto

RG-45.02.86, Sachsenhausen, ca. 1936

RG-45.02.87, Saloniki, Jewish leaders with Metropolitan

RG-45.02.88, Slovakian export, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.89, Soviet and Jewish partisans, a group photograph

RG-45.02.90, Soviet and Jewish partisans, Lipiczany Forest, Poland-Western Belarus

RG-45.02.91, Soviet-Jewish partisan, Misha Kacowicz

RG-45.02.92, Soviet-Jewish partisans, former Eastern Poland

RG-45.02.93, Soviet-Jewish partisans, Naliboki Forest, Poland-Western Belarus

RG-45.02.94, Tarnow, a Jewish cultural society

RG-45.02.95, Tarnow, Jewish soccer team

RG-45.02.96, the Netherlands, poison gas chamber with a warning sign, poison gas

RG-45.02.97, Vienna, Jewish veterans of the First World War in Austro-Hungarian uniform

RG-45.02.98, Vienna

RG-45.02.99, View of the abandoned furnishings of Jews deported from the ghetto, USHMM

RG-45.02.100, The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow

RG-45.02.101, Warsaw ghetto negative

RG-45.02.102, Warsaw ghetto wall, Jews climbing over the ghetto wall

RG-45.02.103, Warsaw ghetto, a beggar on the street

RG-45.02.104, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto checkpoint

RG-45.02.105, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto entrance

RG-45.02.106, Warsaw ghetto, a Jewish boy, 1943, Yad Vashem Archives

RG-45.02.107, Warsaw ghetto, at the cemetery

RG-45.02.108, Warsaw ghetto, books are being sold and exchanged on the street

RG-45.02.109, Warsaw ghetto, dragging the dead

RG-45.02.110, Warsaw ghetto, hungry and exhausted kids in the yard

RG-45.02.111, Warsaw ghetto, inside a ghetto dwelling

RG-45.02.112, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish kids in the classroom

RG-45.02.113, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish policeman regulates traffic

RG-45.02.114, Warsaw ghetto, man on the street

RG-45.02.115, Warsaw ghetto, medical examining in the ghetto

RG-45.02.116, Warsaw ghetto, pedestrian bridge

RG-45.02.117, Warsaw ghetto, prayer in the ghetto

RG-45.02.118, Warsaw ghetto, ration card

RG-45.02.119, Warsaw ghetto, street sale

RG-45.02.120, Warsaw ghetto, unidentified location, perhaps a transfer

RG-45.02.121, Warsaw ghetto, view of the ghetto wall

RG-45.02.122, Warsaw ghetto, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

RG-45.02.123, Warsaw, at the fur shop, preparing for the German requisitions, MISSING PHOTO

RG-45.02.124, Warsaw, first days of German occupation

RG-45.02.125, Warsaw, interwar time

RG-45.02.126, Warsaw, Jews are not allowed into the park

RG-45.02.127, Zamosc, people on the square observing an unknown scene

RG-45.03, Poland, wartime photodocuments

RG-45.03.01, Poland, newcomers from Polish provinces to Warsaw Ghetto, photo by Joe J. Heydecker, February 1941

RG-45.03.02, Kovno Ghetto, photograph of a young boy standing in front of door of chairman of the Council of Elders

RG-45.03.03, Kovno Ghetto, Jews lining up

Biographical Note

Historical documents and photographs

Subject/Index Terms

Box and Folder Listing

Browse by Sub-Collection:

[Sub-Collection 1: RG-45.01, Negatives of the photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 2: RG-45.02, Secondary photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945],
[Sub-Collection 3: RG-45.03, Never Again, photo-documents from Polish repositories, 1939 -- 1945],
[All]

Sub-Collection 1: RG-45.01, Negatives of the photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945

This is a collection of the negatives and photo-documents related to the prewar and wartime history of the Holocaust

Subject/Index Terms:: Aryanization, alienation of Jewish-owned businesses, 1933 -- 1945; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Marshal Michal Rola-Zymierski, Polish communist military commander, postwar Poland; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Bulgarian Government opposes to the deportation of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; Bulgaria (1939--1945); Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Commemoration of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-45.01.01, All That Remained Photo Montage, 1939 -- 1945

Photo-documents of Nazi-German atrocities in concentration camps, 1939 -- 1945. The photographs featured are the black and white negatives of the original photographs. They show piles of things, such as eyeglasses and shoes, collected upon arrival at the concentration camps. The photographs were featured in a postwar publication. A small paragraph describing the photographs is featured at the top of the left page, written in English, Russian, and French.

Subject/Index Terms:: Aftermath of liberation; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; Crimes of the Nazi Regime against the Jewish communities in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Allied discovery of Nazi war crimes; Documenting the Nazi crimes in concentration camps; Nazi crimes against humanity, peace, and war crimes; evidences of the crimes of National Socialist regime; magazine; Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; postwar publication; Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; concentration camp photographs; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; English, language; Russian, language; French, language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-45.01.02, Caption about humanitarian documents, 1944

A Document issued under the title "Statement of the German Autrocities" and signed by Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin omit the the Jewish Catastrophe.

Subject/Index Terms:: Documents condemning National Socialist Regime issued by the Allied Governments; Allied governments' lack of focus on the Holocaust; The Scale of Jewish Catastrophy not fully recognized by the Allied governments; Jewish public organizations raise awareness of the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Allied and associated governments contextualized the Holocaust, 1939 --1945; Raising awareness of the Holocaust; Jewish history, modern; postwar publication; Nazi-German atrocities; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Joseph Stalin, General Secretary of the Party and Prime Minister of the USSR, 1879 -- 1953; Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, 1874--1965; History, Jewish; Jewish history; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-45.01.03, Caption only for Nazi notice for executed Poles, names of those who hid Jews underlined, 30 April 1984

The file contains only a caption for Nazi notice of executed Poles. On the original document, the names of those who hid Jews have been underlined. The document is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Execution of Jews; Mass executions; Prisoners of War, Polish; Nazi-German discovery of Jews in hiding; Hiding; postwar publication; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Death notices and obituaries; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present); Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945); Secondary publications (1939 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-45.01.04, Captions only, starting with Deportation of German Jews

A collection of captions from a postwar publication. The captions were meant to accompany various photographs taken during the war as well as post war. The captions cover a variety of subjects, including the deportation of German Jews. The document is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportation of German Jews; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Eichmann, Adolf; Trial of Adolf Eichmann; Final Solution; Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; Dr. Heinz Thilo; Prisoner selections; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Arrival at a camp; Berlin (Germany); Haas, Leo; Execution of Jews; Execution in concentration camps; Public humilations; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Nazi gas chambers; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-45.01.05, Captions only, starting with November 1938 Aryanization

This file contains captions that were meant to accompany various photographs. This captions were meant to be published in a Jewish Federation postwar publication, starting with the November 1938 Aryanization. The captions are written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-Jewish regulations on Jewish owned businesses; Boycott of Jewish businesses in Nazi Germany; Aryanization, alienation of Jewish-owned businesses, 1933 -- 1945; Berlin (Germany); Jewish cemetery; Treblinka (Poland); Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); mass graves; Stutthof (Concentration camp); Stutthof, German Concentration camp; Stutthof Concentration Camp Memorial Museum, Poland; Chelmno Death Camp; Prisoners of war, Soviet; Zamosc (Poland); Sobibor (Poland: extermination camp); Sobibor death camp memorial; Sobibor Revolt; Sobibor uprising, October 1943; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-45.01.06, Children not able to leave - Zbaszyn, Poland, 1939

This file contains a short article about children not accepted into Poland, as well as a negative of a photograph of children. The brief article is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Zbaszyn (Poland); Expulsion of Polish-German Jews to Zbaszyn, October -November, 1938; Efforts to rescue Jewish children from the German-occupied and controlled territories, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish relief and social aid organizations in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Attempts and efforts to rescue the Jews in the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; British rescue and aid of Jewish children, 1938-1939; Rescue effort to save Jews in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Photographs, children; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-45.01.07, Corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau, Photo Montage, 1945

A black and white negative magazine spread featuring photographs of corpses in Majdanek and Auschwitz-Birkenau. The file contains a photo montage of various scenes of corpses, as well as piles of bones and bodies. The document includes brief descriptions of the photographs in English, Russian, and French.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Lublin (Poland); Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; mass graves; Mass executions; Mass killing of Jewish population, Second World War; Wartime atrocities and mass killing, Second World War; Armed Forces, Allied; Photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language; Russian, language; Documents in Russian language; French, language; Documents in French language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-45.01.08, Daily Mirror editorial about the rejection of St. Louis, 1939

The file contains a negative copy of a page from the Daily Mirror, a British news publication. The specific article, an editorial, discusses the 907 Jewish refugees on the St. Louis that were refused entrance to America. The article is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Daily Mirror, a periodical; newspaper clippings; Newspaper Article; British newspaper; Jewish refugees; Refugees in United States; Immigration to United States; Jewish Immigration; Immigrants in the United States, hardships and difficulties; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Wartime Publication, Second World War; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-45.01.09, Demonic Germany and the Predicament of Humanity, 1938

This file contains a black and white negative copy of an article condemning Germany. The article also opposes immigration of European Jews into the United States on the grounds of the need for social integration of already-existing minority groups. The article was written for The Christian Century and is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The Christian Century, a periodical, American; Nazi rise to power; Anti-semitic laws; Anti-semitic laws--Germany; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Nazi antisemitic propaganda; the Jewish problem; Goebbels, Josef; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Jewish refugees; Antisemitism in the United States; American newspaper; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-45.01.10, Gideon Hausner, opening address of Eichmann Trial

The file contains a black and white negative copy of an article from a magazine. The file features a photograph of Gideon Hausner, the Chief Prosecutor of the Adolf Eichmann Trial. The file also contains a quote from his opening address at the trial. The file is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Gideon Hausner, Chief Prosecutor at the trial of Adolf Eichmann; Eichmann, Adolf; Trial of Adolf Eichmann; Trials and proceedings over Nazi-German perpetrators; war crimes trials; War crimes trials--Post-WWII; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Treblinka (Poland); Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-45.01.11, Jewish Federation Titles and Captions

The file contains a list of titles and captions. The titles and captions were initially meant to accompany photographs printed by the Jewish Federation. The file has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arbeit Macht Frei; Concentration Camp Crematorium; Nazi gas chambers; Anti-semitic laws; Chrzanów (Poland); Liquidation of ghettos; Transports; Transport trains; Suicide in the concentration camps; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto; Prisoners digging their own grave; mass graves; Liberation of concentration camps; Nazi-perpetrated hair and/or beard cutting; Public humiliations; Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969; Ohrdruf-Nord (Concentration camp); Nordhausen (Germany); Nordhausen (Concentration camp); Buchenwald (Germany: Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration camps; Buchenwald, German-Nazi concentration camp; German civilians digging mass graves for concentration camp victims; SS and administrative personnel, German; Ravensbrück (Concentration camp); Ravensbrueck (Germany: Concentration Camp); Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Female concentration camp inmates; Medical Experiments; Hiding; Wloclawek (Poland: Ghetto); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-45.01.12, Jewish Prisoners Waiting and Excerpt from 'The Auschwitz Album'

The file contains a negative black and white copy of a photograph as well as a small paragraph from "The Auschwitz Album." The photograph shows Jewish prisoners waiting in the forest. The excerpt from Lili Meir is from "The Auschwitz Album" and describes the scene and deception before prisoners entered into the gas chamgers. The excerpt is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Concentration Camp Crematorium; Nazi gas chambers; Forced marches; SS and administrative personnel, German; Prisoners, children; Mass executions; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, children; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-45.01.13, Letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymienski Recognizing Help from Jewish Partisans, 21 December

The file contains a black and white negative copy of a letter from Polish Marshall Rola-Zymierski recognizing and appreciating services from Jewish Partisans. The letter is written in Polish.

Subject/Index Terms:: Polish military representation in Germany, postwar; Marshal Michal Rola-Zymierski, Polish communist military commander, postwar Poland; Polish Army High Command; Jewish Aid Agency; Jewish Aid for Victims; Jewish Refugee Aid Organization; Monetary aid to the Jews in German-occupied Europe, international Jewish organizations; letters of recognition and appreciation; postwar correspondence; official correspondence; Correspondence to and from Relief and Rehabilitation organizations; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; Polish, language; Documents in Polish language; Correspondence in Polish language

Creators:: Polish Army High Command; Michał Rola-Żymierski, Polish high-ranking military commander; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-45.01.14, New York Times Kristallnacht Article, 1938

The file contains a black and white negative copy of a scan of the front page of the New York Times. On the right, the article focuses on Kristallnacht and the destruction of Jewish property. The article was written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The New York Times; Goebbels, Josef; Vienna (Austria); Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Anti-Jewish actions; Stormtroopers (SA), paramilitary wing of the Nazi party; Jewish property attacks; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Newspaper Article; American newspaper; newspaper clippings; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-45.01.15, NY Times Kristallnacht article, 11 November 1938

A New York Times article focusing on Kristallnacht. The article has been selected from the front page of the New York Times and describes the destruction of Jewish property. The article has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: The New York Times; Goebbels, Josef; Vienna (Austria); Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Anti-Jewish actions; Stormtroopers (SA), paramilitary wing of the Nazi party; Jewish property attacks; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; pre-war publication; Prewar publication; Newspaper Article; American newspaper; newspaper clippings; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-45.01.16, NY Times Warsaw Ghetto article, Secret Polish Radio asks Aid, Cut off, 1943

A scanned front page from the New York Times. The article in focus discusses Warsaw and their request for aid. It also talks about the final liquidation of the Warsaw ghetto. The article has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Secret Polish radio, 1943; Aid and rescue during the war; Rescue and aid in the Holocaust; Stockholm (Sweden); Warsaw (Poland); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw ghetto; Liquidation of ghettos; Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943; Warsaw ghetto, post-uprising and liquidation; Wartime Publication, Second World War; Newspaper Article; newspaper clippings; American newspaper; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language; The New York Times

Creators:: The New York Times; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-45.01.17, Photo and Excerpt from the Auschwitz Album, Carpathian Jews

This file contains a black and white negative photograph of Jews arriving by train and an excerpt from "The Auschwitz Album" describing some of the conditions of the trains. The excerpt has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportations to Auschwitz concentration camp; Transports; Transport trains; Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, children; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz Album, photo-documents; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-45.01.18, Police Officer Hoffmann Report to Gestapo concerning the Jewish Question

The file contains two documents side by side. On the right is a excerpt from the original document, displayed on the left. The documents discuss the Jewish Question in Europe. The document on the left is a report written by Police Officer Hoffman to the Gestapo. The document on the left is written in German while the document on the right is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Adolf Hoffmann, police officer; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; the Jewish question; Final Solution; The Jewish Question in Bulgaria, 1942 -- 1943; wartime correspondences; official correspondence; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; postwar publication; German, language; Documents in German language; Correspondence in German language; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Adolf Hoffmann, police officer; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-45.01.19, Quote from President of Bulgarian State Counsel

The file contains a quote from Todor Zhivokv, the President of the Bulgarian State Counsel. Zhivokv talks about saving Bulgarian Jews, and proudly declares that the Nazis failed to conduct their mass executions in Bulgaria. The quote has been written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Bulgarian Jews; Bulgarian Government opposes to the deportation of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; The Jewish Question in Bulgaria, 1942 -- 1943; the Jewish problem; Final Solution; Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe, 1942 -- 1945; National minorities, Jewish; Todor Zhivkov, President of the Bulgarian State Counsel; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Todor Zhivkov, President of the Bulgarian State Counsel; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-45.01.20, Selection at Auschwitz, circa 1944

A photograph showing the selection process upon arrival at Auschwitz concentration camp. At the bottom of the photograph, there is a label describing the photograph written in German.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Prisoner selections; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; German, language; Documents in German language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-45.01.21, Soap Factory near Danzig

Three photographs of the interior of a "soap factory" near Danzig. The caption that accompanies the photographs reads, "The inside-view of the "Soap Factory" near Danzig where Soap was made out of Human Bodies."

While there is no evidence that human fat was used for soap on an industrial scale as rumors suggested, there allegedly were some experiments conducted with that concept.

Subject/Index Terms:: Danzig (Poland); Gdańsk (Poland); Soap factory in Danzig, Poland; Medical Experiments; Chemical factories; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Factory photographs; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-45.01.22, Theresienstadt Ghetto gate with Arbeit macht frei sign

A photograph of the entrance gate at the Theresienstadt ghetto with Arbeit Macht Frei written across the top.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arbeit Macht Frei; Theresienstadt (Czechoslovakia); Theresienstadt ghetto; Theresienstadt (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); Entrance to Theresienstadt ghetto, Czechoslovakia; Photographs; Photographs, Theresienstadt ghetto; Photographs, ghettos; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; German, language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-45.01.23, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument Photo and Caption

A photograph of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising Monument as well as a caption to accompany the photograph.

Subject/Index Terms:: Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); The Monument of Ghetto Heros, Warsaw; Warsaw Ghetto Memorial; Jewish resistance organizations in ghettos, Poland; Jewish resistance organization in the Warsaw ghetto; Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union), Warsaw; Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943; Holocaust Memorialization; Photographs; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: RG-45.01.24, Watchtower and Barbed Wire

A black and white negative photograph of a watchtown and electric barbed wire on the fences. It is unclear which concentration camp this photograph depicts.

Subject/Index Terms:: Concentration camps, German; Watchtower, concentration camp; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories; Holocaust-related publications, postwar (1945 -- present)

Sub-Collection 2: RG-45.02, Secondary photo-documents, 1933 -- 1945

This collection contains photo-documents reflecting on the various facets of the History of the Holocaust in Europe

Subject/Index Terms:: Abandoned children in the ghettos; Abandoned children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942; Diary of Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw; Aftermath of liberation; Aftermath of the deportation from the ghetto, photographs; Aftermath of Warsaw ghetto uprising; Alerts issued by German police; Alexander Pechrskij, Sobibor Revolt; American awareness of Nazi atrocities in Europe; Anti-Jewish measures and actions, Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Babi Yar (Kiev, Ukraine); Babi Yar, areal photographs; Babi Yar Massacre, 29 -- 30September 1941; Baranow (Poland); Barter and street sale in the ghettos; Barter and street sale in the Warsaw Ghetto; Bergen-Belsen (Germany: Concentration Camp); Book Burning, Germany, early 1930s; Books in the ghettos; Books in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Bricha Movement; Bulgaria (1939--1945); Bulgarian Government opposes to the deportation of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; Cemeteries at the ghettos, 1939 -1944; Cemetery at the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 -- 1943; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Children in the Kovno Ghetto; Children in the Lodz ghetto; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; collaboration in the Holocaust; Corpses in the ghettos; Corpses in the Warsaw Ghetto; Cracow (Poland); Daily Mirror, a periodical; day-to-day life in the Lodz Ghetto; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Deportation of German Jews; Deportation of Jews from the Netherlands; Deportation scenes; Deportations from the Drancy internment camp, France; Deportations to Auschwitz concentration camp; Documents issued by Nazi-German Police and Security forces, 1933 -- 1945; Drancy internment camp (Paris, France); Education in the ghettos; Education in the Warsaw ghetto; Expulsion of Polish-German Jews to Zbaszyn, October -November, 1938; Factories and workshops in the Lodz Ghetto; Family life in the Warsaw ghetto; Food for children in the Lodz Ghetto; Food rationing in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945; Food rationing in the Warsaw Ghetto; German administration and civilians in the Lodz ghetto; Germany, history; Germany invasion of Poland, September 1, 1939; Greece (1918 -- 1940); Hans Biebow, Nazi-German administrator in Lodz ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; Holocaust in the Netherlands, 1940 -- 1945; Holocaust Memorialization; Hunger in the Lodz ghetto; Hunger in the Warsaw Ghetto; Illegal immigration to Palestine, 1945 -- 1948; International Herald Tribune, a periodical, American; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Janowska (Poland: Concentration Camp); Jewish Council (Judenrat) in Kovno Ghetto; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Lodz Ghetto; Jewish Order Police in action, Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in Kovno Ghetto; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Jewish Order police on patrol duty; Jewish soccer team of Tarnow, Poland; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Jewish veterans of Austro-Hungarian Army; Jews in Austro-Hungarian Army; Jews in Germany, history and integration; Jews in sports, interwar period; Jews in the Kovno ghetto, check and control by the Jewish Order Police; Jews of Germany, History of Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany, narrative; Judenrat (Jewish Council) in the Lodz ghetto, Poland; Judenrat, Jewish council in ghettos; Kaunas (Lithuania); Kaunas (Lithuania: Ghetto); Killing of Jews by Wehrmacht in 1941, Ukraine; Kovno (Lithuania: Ghetto); Lancut (Poland); Laws of German racial purity; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto; Life in the ghettos reflected in the photo-documents; Life under false identity; Life under false identity in Lwow ghetto; Lina Gans, inhabitant of the Lwos Ghetto; Lithuania (1918 -- 1940); Lithuania (1941 -- 1945); Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lwow (Poland); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Mauthausen (Austria: Concentration Camp); Mauthausen concentration camp, liberation and its aftermath; Medical care in the ghettos; Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto; Medical Experiments; Medical experiments at Auschwitz complex of concentration camps; Meeting of the Juedenrat in the Lodz ghetto; Misha Kacowicz, Soviet-Jewish partisan; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi-German perception of religious Jews; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Nazi Gathering; Nazi party rallies, Nuernberg, 1933; Nazi racial laws; Opposition to Jewish emigration to United States from Germany; Pedestrian bridges in the ghettos; Pedestrian bridges in the Warsaw ghetto; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; Photographs, Hitler and responses to Hitler; Piotrkow (Poland); Poland (1918--1939); Poland (1939 --1945); Police search for Jews under false identity, Lwow ghetto; Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto; Prayer in the Warsaw ghetto; Prayers in the ghettos; Prisoner luggage upon arrival at a concentration camp; Prisoners of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; Prisoners of Nazi-German concentration camps, postliberation conditions; Prisoners of Nazi concentration camps; Prisoners of the Janowska Concentration Camp and the Camp Orchestra; Przedborz (Poland); Public humilations; Registration and processing in the ghettos; Rescue of Bulgarian Jews, 1942 -- 1943; Resistance, Jewish; Roll call in Nazi - German concentration camps; Romek Kaliski, Jewish Order Police of the Lodz Ghetto; Sachsenhausen (Germany: Concentration Camp); Salonica (Greece); Thessaloniki (Greece); School, Jewish, interwar Poland; Seclusion of the ghetto territories; Seclusion of the Warsaw Ghetto; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943; Sobibor (Poland: extermination camp); Sobibor uprising, October 1943; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Sports teams, Jewish; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Tarnow (Poland); Theatrical performances in the ghettos; Theatrical performances in the Lodz ghetto; The Christian Century, a periodical, American; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Germany; The Holocaust in Poland; The Jewish Question in Bulgaria, 1942 -- 1943; Netherlands (1940 -- 1945); Transfer of Jews from villages to the towns, Poland; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; United States awareness of the Holocaust in Europe, 1943; Urszula Lahoda, a false name for Lina Gans, Lwow ghetto; Voyage of the St. Louis, May -- June 1939; Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city; Warsaw (Poland); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw, occupied by Germans, October 1939, photograph; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews prisoners of war; Warsaw of interwar time, photograph; Wartime atrocities and mass killing, Second World War; Wooden Synagogue, Lancut, Poland; Wooden synagogues, Poland; Wooden Synagogues in Eastern Europe; Zablocie (Poland); Zamosc (Poland); Zbaszyn (Poland)

Creators:: Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Archival documents of other repositories (1939 --1945); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-45.02.01, A concentration camp at liberation, 1945

In the aftermath of a Nazi-German concentration camp liberation

Subject/Index Terms:: Liberation of Nazi-German concentration camps, Germany; Prisoners of Nazi-German concentration camps, postliberation conditions; Aftermath of liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; Prisoners of Nazi concentration camps; Evidences of Nazi-German crimes against humanity, peace and warcrimes; Allied discovery of Nazi war crimes; German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; Nazi crimes against humanity, peace, and war crimes; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Germany (1939--1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; concentration camp victims; Photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-45.02.02, A Jewish order policeman with his wife and son, Lodz ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of a Jewish Order Policeman with his wife and son. The photograph was taken in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Poland (1939--1945); Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); family photographs; personal photographs with family and friends; Photographs, family members; Europe (1939 -- 1945); German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Family members and friends of the ghetto inhabitants (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-45.02.03, Adam Czerniakow at the roll call with the Jewish order police, Warsaw ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of Adam Czerniakow at the roll call with the Jewish order police. The photograph was taken at the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in action, Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Roll Call; Roll call, Jewish Order Police; Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Judischer Ordnungsdienst, Jewish order police (circa 1942)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-45.02.04, Adam Czerniakow in his Warsaw ghetto Judenrat office at the meeting, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, photographed in his office while in the middle of a meeting.

Subject/Index Terms:: Czerniakow, Adam; Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw; Judenrat, Jewish council in ghettos; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942); Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-45.02.05, Adam Czerniakow with a German official, Warsaw, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of Adam Czerniakow in his office with a German official. The photograph was taken in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Czerniakow, Adam; Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw; Judenrat, Jewish council in ghettos; German military officials; German administration of Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943); Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-45.02.06, Albert Einstein, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of Albert Einstein and an unidentified woman, taken outside.

Subject/Index Terms:: Einstein, Albert; Photographs; wartime photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; family photographs; Photographs, family members; personal photographs with family and friends; Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories; Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-45.02.07, Alexander Pecherskij, led the Sobibor revolt, circa 1939--1950

A portrait photograph of Alexander Percherskij, or Perchersky, who led the largest Sobibor revolt.

Subject/Index Terms:: Alexander Pechrskij, Sobibor Revolt; Sobibor (Poland: extermination camp); Sobibor Revolt; Escape from concentration camps; escapes from Nazi-German concentration camps; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-45.02.08, Arriving to a camp, circa 1939--1945

A photograph depicting a deportation train arriving at a concentration camp. The photograph also shows a large crowd of Jewish men, women, and children getting out of the boxcar. It is not clear which concentration camp they are arriving at.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Transport trains; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Prisoners, children; Children victims; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, children; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; German Reich Railway (Deutsche Reichsbahn); Hannover (Germany)

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-45.02.09, Auschwitz, deposit of spoons, circa 1939--1945

A photograph taken in Auschwitz of a large depository of spoons collected from Jewish prisoners.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Jewish personal belongings; Personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities

Creators:: Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-45.02.10, Auschwitz negative, circa 1939--1945

A black and white negative of a photograph taken in Auschwitz. The photograph shows Auschwitz prisoners in their striped uniforms participating in some form of forced labor.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Forced labor; Forced labor in concentration camps; Jewish forced labor in Poland; prisoner experience in Nazi-German concentration camps; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-45.02.11, Auschwitz, a column of women and children, allegedly in Auschwitz, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of a line of women and children, presumably upon the arrival at a concentration camp. The concentration camp is believed to be Auschwitz.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Prisoners, children; Childhood in concentration camps; Female concentration camp inmates; Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportations to Auschwitz concentration camp; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-45.02.12, pile of shoes, Auschwitz, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of a pile of shoes, taken from prisoners of Auschwitz.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-45.02.13, Auschwitz, arrival of a transport, circal 1939--1945

A photograph of Jewish prisoners arriving at Auschwitz concentration camp. The photograph shows the prisoners exiting the train boxcar while being guided by a camp guard.

Subject/Index Terms:: Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Transport trains; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-45.02.14, Auschwitz, 'Canada' prisoners' toothbrushes, cloth brushes, and other personal items, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of personal belongings taken from Jewish concentration camp prisoners, including toothbrushes, cloth brushes, and other personal items.

Subject/Index Terms:: Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-45.02.15, Auschwitz, children survivors of the camp and medical experiments, circa 1939--1945

A captioned photograph of a group of children survivors of Auschwitz. Reportedly, the children not only survived the camp, but also medical experiments. The caption that accompanies the photograph is written in English.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children victims; Prisoners, children; Childhood in concentration camps; Medical Experiments; Medical experiments at Auschwitz complex of concentration camps; Aftermath of liberation; Jewish Liberation; Liberation from German concentration camps; Liberation of concentration camps; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Post-Liberation; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Photographs, children; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945); Post-liberation photographers (1944-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-45.02.16, Auschwitz, forced labor site, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a forced labor site at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Forced labor; Forced labor in concentration camps; Jewish forced labor in Poland; German military officials; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-45.02.17, Auschwitz, selection on the ramp after arrival, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of prisoner selection upon arrival at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arrival at a camp; Transports at the arrival to concentration camps; Prisoner selections; Selection at the concentration camps; Selection of prisoners at the Auschwitz complex of camps; Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-45.02.18, Auschwitz, sorting out the former possessions of prisoners, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing the process of sorting the former possessions of prisoners at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: sorting; Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; Forced labor; Forced labor in concentration camps; Arrival at a camp; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-45.02.19, Auschwitz, survivor of Auschwitz medical experiments, circa 1944--1945

A photograph of an emaciated woman who has survived medical experiments at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Medical Experiments; Medical experiments at Auschwitz complex of concentration camps; Post-Liberation; Jewish Liberation; Liberation from German concentration camps; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945); Post-liberation photographers (1944-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-45.02.20, Auschwitz, unloading prisoners' luggage, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of men unloading prisoners' luggage at Auschwitz concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Prisoner luggage upon arrival at a concentration camp; Arrival at a camp; Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Auschwitz complex of concentration camps, deposits of personal belongings; sorting; Forced labor; Forced labor in concentration camps; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz (Concentration camp)--Complex of concentration and extermination camps; Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Auschwitz concentration camp complex, photo-documents; Photographs, Auschwitz concentration camp; Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-45.02.22, Babi Yar, USHMM, 28363, circa 1939--1945

A black and white aerial photograph of Babi Yar, provided by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.

Subject/Index Terms:: Babi Yar (Kiev, Ukraine); Babi Yar Massacre, 29 -- 30September 1941; Execution of Jews at Babi Yar; Execution of Jews; Nazi-perpetrated massacres; Aerial Warfare, Second World War; Kiev (Ukraine); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Aerial Photograph; Ukraine (1939-1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Air Force (1939--1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-45.02.23, Baranow, Poland, a Hebrew School, circa 1918--1939

A black and white pre-war photograph taken in Baranow, Poland of Jewish students of a Hebrew school.

Subject/Index Terms:: Hebrew School; Hebrew education; School, Jewish, interwar Poland; Schools, Jewish; Polish students; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Interwar Poland; Baranow (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939)

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-45.02.24, Baranow, a Hebrew School, circa 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a group of Jewish students. The photograph was taken in Baranow, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Hebrew School; Hebrew education; School, Jewish, interwar Poland; Schools, Jewish; Polish students; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Interwar Poland; Baranow (Poland); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939)

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: RG-45.02.25, Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, arrival of prisoners, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of prisoners arriving at Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Arrival at a camp; Prisoner luggage upon arrival at a concentration camp; sorting; Female concentration camp inmates; Prisoners, children; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Bergen-Belsen (Germany: Concentration Camp); Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; Prisoners of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Concentration camps, German; Germany (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 25: RG-45.02.26, Bergen-Belsen, prisoners by barracks are lined up, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the inmates of Bergen-Belsen lined up for roll call.

Subject/Index Terms:: Prisoner's roll call; Roll Call; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Bergen-Belsen (Germany: Concentration Camp); Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; Prisoners of Bergen-Belsen concentration camp; Nazi concentration camps in Germany; Concentration camps, German; Germany (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 26: RG-45.02.27, Cracow, a group of Jewish students after the tour, circa 1939--1945

A prewar photograph of a group of Jewish students in Cracow (Krakow) Poland after some sort of walking tour.

Subject/Index Terms:: Cracow (Poland); Krakow, Poland; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Schools, Jewish; School, Jewish, interwar Poland; Interwar Poland; Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 27: RG-45.02.28, Cracow, school photograph, Jewish coeducational gymnasium, female graduates, circa 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a collection of female graduates. The writing around the board is in both Polish and Hebrew.

Subject/Index Terms:: Cracow (Poland); Krakow, Poland; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Polish students; Schools, Jewish; School, Jewish, interwar Poland; Hebrew School; Hebrew education; Interwar Poland; Poland (1918--1939); Europe, history, 1918 -- 1939; Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 28: RG-45.02.30, Drancy transit camp, wall with inscriptions, circa 1939--1945

A photograph of a wall with many inscriptions on it from Drancy transit camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Drancy internment camp (Paris, France); Transit camps, Europe; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Paris (France); France (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, transit camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 29: RG-45.02.31, Drancy transit camp, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph taken at Drancy transit camp of two women, presumably in one of the women's barracks.

Subject/Index Terms:: Drancy internment camp (Paris, France); Transit camps, Europe; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Paris (France); France (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, transit camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; Allied Armed Forces, 1939 -- 1945 (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 30: RG-45.02.32, German administration in civilian diner in Lodz, circa 1939--1945

A color photograph of German administration attending a civilian dinner at the Lodz Ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: German military and civil administration; German administration and civilians in the Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Lodz (Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 31: RG-45.02.33, German officer takes a photograph of the religious Jews in Zablocie, Poland, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a German officer taking a photograph of religious Jewish men in Zablocie, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Military officers, Nazi-German; German military officials; Jewish religious community; Religious Jews; Zablocie (Poland); Zablocie (southwest Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 32: RG-45.02.35, Germany, Book burning, circa early 1930's

A black and white photograph of a book burning in Germany, taken some time in the early 1930's.

Subject/Index Terms:: Book Burning, Germany, early 1930s; Nazi rise to power; Nazi Gathering; Military officers, Nazi-German; Civilians, German; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Germany (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Germany (1918--1933); Europe (1918--1939)

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 33: RG-45.02.36, Group portrait of members of the Lodz ghetto police, circa 1939--1945

A black and white group photograph of the members of the Lodz ghetto police.

Subject/Index Terms:: Ghetto Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 34: RG-45.02.37, Hans Biebow in the Lodz ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A color photograph of Hans Biebow, the German administrator of the Lodz ghetto, talking to a group of Jewish women in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Biebow, Hans; Hans Biebow, Nazi-German administrator in Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Lodz ghetto administration; Children in the Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 35: RG-45.02.38, Hitler after being released from the Landsberg Prison where he spent eight months, circa 1924

A photograph of Adolf Hitler after he was released from Landsberg Prison. Hitler was incarcerated for 264 days, or eight months. During his incarceration, he wrote Mein Kampf, which was published in 1925 (volume 1) and 1926 (volume2).

Subject/Index Terms:: Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Mein Kampf; Landsberg Prison; Landsberg am Lech (Germany); Germany (Europe); Germany (1918--1933); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, Hitler and responses to Hitler

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Hitler, Adolf, dictator, German president and chancellor (1933-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 36: RG-45.02.39, Hitler and a child in SA uniform, 1942

A black and white photograph of Hitler at some sort of Nazi gathering. In the foreground, there is a small boy wearing an SA uniform.

Subject/Index Terms:: uniforms; Military Uniforms (Nazi-German); Nazi Gathering; Nazi Rally; Nazi Soldiers; Civilians, German; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Blut und Ehre or Blood and Honor (Hitlerjugend), Hiltler Youth organziation; Germany (Europe); Germany (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 37: RG-45.02.40, Holland, deportation, a street scene, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a woman during a deportation in Holland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportation scenes; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportation of Jews from the Netherlands; German-occupied Holland; The Netherlands (1940--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 38: RG-45.02.41, Janowska Camp, Lwow, Camp Orchestra, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of an orchestra playing at Janowska Camp in Lwow, Poland (Lviv Ukraine).

Subject/Index Terms:: Janowska (Poland: Concentration Camp); Prisoners of the Janowska Concentration Camp and the Camp Orchestra; Orchestras, concentration camps; Music in concentration camps; Transit camps, Europe; Labor camps for Jews, German; Labor service in concentration camps; Lwow (Poland); Lviv (Ukraine); Poland (Europe); Ukraine (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, transit camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 39: RG-45.02.42, Jewish order police arresting two Jewish youths for smuggling in the Warsaw ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of members of the Jewish Order Police arresting two Jewish youths for smuggling in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Jewish Order Police in action, Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Arrests by Jewish police in the ghettos; Smuggling, ghettos; Smuggling in the ghettos; Smuggling in the Warsaw Ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish youth in the ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 40: RG-45.02.43, Jewish order police in Lodz ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Jewish Order Police in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); day-to-day life in the Lodz Ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 41: RG-45.02.44, Jewish order police on snow removal duty in Lodz, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jewish Order Police on snow removal duty in the Lodz ghetto. The officers are carrying shovels on their shoulders and a trolley can be seen in the corner.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Forced labor; Forced labor in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Lodz Ghetto; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 42: RG-45.02.45, Jewish order police, Warsaw, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, lined up for roll call.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Roll Call; Roll call, Jewish Order Police; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 43: RG-45.02.46, Jewish police action in Warsaw ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Jewish Order Police in action in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Jewish Order Police in action, Warsaw ghetto; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German authroties of Warsaw Ghetto (1940 -- 1943); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 44: RG-45.02.48, Jewish service to maintain order, Ordnungsdienst, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a Jewish Order Service policeman attempting to maintain order.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order police on patrol duty; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Judischer Ordnungdienst (or Jüdische Ghetto-Polizei, Jewish Ghetto Police); Children in the ghettos; Jewish youth in the ghetto; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 45: RG-45.02.49, Jews from villages are forced to a ghetto, circa 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Jews being forced to travel to a ghetto. There is also a German military officer there to guide them.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children victims; Jews forced into ghettos; German military officials; Military officers, Nazi-German; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 46: RG-45.02.50, Jews in Germany, history of Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany, circa 1939--1950

A publication that gives the history of Jews in the Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany. The publication gives a census of what Jews are doing for work, as well as discussing the notable German Jews that have contributed to medicine, science, and the arts.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jews of Germany, History of Weimar Republic and early Nazi Germany, narrative; Weimar Republic, 1919 -- 1933; documents of civil status, the period of Weimar Republic; Nazi rise to power; Jews in Germany, history and integration; Jews in Nazi Germany; Extermination of Jews; Political analysis; Berlin (Germany); Frankfurt National Assembly (1849); Marxist ideology; Einstein, Albert; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Immigration from Nazi Germany; Jews in medical professions; Lawyers and notary publics; Jewish physicians in Nazi Germany; Vienna (Austria); German citizenship; anti-Jewish measures and legislations; Nazi anti-Jewish measures and legislations; Goebbels, Josef; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Germany (1918--1933); Germany (1933 -- 1939); postwar publication; Wartime Publication, Second World War; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Standard Publications; Secondary publications (1940 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 47: RG-45.02.51, Kaunas, interwar Lithuania, Jewish soccer team, circa 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a Jewish soccer team taken in Kaunas, Lithuania.

Subject/Index Terms:: Sports teams, Jewish; Jewish soccer team; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Jews in sports, interwar period; Kaunas (Lithuania); Lithuania (Europe); Lithuania (1918 -- 1940); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 48: RG-45.02.52, Killing by a German Labor Serviceman, Ukraine, circa 1941

A black and white photograph of a German Lavor Serviceman about to execute a man, presumably a Jew. The man about to be executed is kneeling at the edge of a mass grave with bodies already in it.

Subject/Index Terms:: German labor service; German labor service, 1939 -- 1945; Military officers, Nazi-German; Execution, individual; Execution of Jews; Individual's execution; mass graves; Ukraine (1939-1945); Ukraine (Europe); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, executions; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 49: RG-45.02.53, Kristallnacht, a synagogue in flame, November 9-10 1938

A black and white photograph of a synagogue on fire during Kristallnacht.

Subject/Index Terms:: Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; Anti-Jewish actions; anti-Jewish atrocities, Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; November Pogroms; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Desecration of Jewish Synagogue, photograph; Synagogues, religious temples; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 50: RG-45.02.54, Kristallnacht, nighttime, a synagogue in flame, November 9-10 1938

A black and white photograph of a synagogue burning at night. This photograph was taken during Kristallnacht.

Subject/Index Terms:: Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; November Pogroms; Anti-Jewish actions; anti-Jewish atrocities, Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Desecration of Jewish Synagogue, photograph

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 51: RG-45.02.55, Kristallnacht, a burning synagogue, 9-10 November 1938

A black and white photograph of a synagogue on fire during Kristallnacht. In the foreground, a fire truck can be seen on the street with a ladder extended on the roof of the synagogue.

Subject/Index Terms:: Kristallnacht or November Pogrom, 9 -10, November 1938; November Pogroms; Anti-Jewish actions; anti-Jewish atrocities, Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Desecration of Jewish Synagogue, photograph

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 52: RG-45.02.56, Lancut, Poland, Wooden Synagogue, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a wooden synagogue in Lancut, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lancut (Poland); Wooden Synagogue, Lancut, Poland; Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Wooden synagogues, Poland; Wooden Synagogues in Eastern Europe; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Interwar Poland; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 53: RG-45.02.57, Lodz ghetto, a boy feeds the small girl, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a boy feeding a girl in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Children in the ghettos; Children in the Lodz ghetto; Food for children in the Lodz Ghetto; Food distribution in the ghettos; Provisions and regulations of food distribution in the Lodz Ghetto; Food rations in the ghettos; Food rationing in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945; Jewish youth in the ghetto; Jewish youth, Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Poland (1939--1945); Poland (Europe); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 54: RG-45.02.58, Lodz ghetto, allegedly a deportation scene, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a supposed deportation scene in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Deportation scenes; Deportation of Jews from Poland; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations from Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto, deportations; Nazi Soldiers; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 55: RG-45.02.59, Lodz ghetto, Chaim Mordechaj Rumkowski speaking at the Judenrat meeting, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Chaim Mordechaj Rumkowski speaking at a Judenrat meeting in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Chaim Rumkowski, chairman of the Judenrat in the Lodz ghetto; The Role of Mordechaj Chaim Rumkowski in the Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Judenrat, Jewish council in ghettos; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Lodz Ghetto; Judenrat (Jewish Council) in the Lodz ghetto, Poland; Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 56: RG-45.02.60, Lodz ghetto, theatrical performance, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a theatrical performance at the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Entertainment, Lodz ghetto; Theatrical performances in the ghettos; Theatrical performances in the Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; Entertainment in the ghettos

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 57: RG-45.02.61, Lodz ghetto, three women at work, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of three women at work in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Forced labor; Forced labor in ghettos; Jewish forced labor in Poland; Working, ghettos; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 58: RG-45.02.62, Lodz ghetto, women in a sewing workshop, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of women working in a sewing workshop at the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Forced labor; Forced labor in ghettos; Jewish forced labor in Poland; Sewing workshop, Lodz ghetto; Women in the ghettos; Working, ghettos; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Lodz ghetto administration (1939 -- 1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 59: RG-45.02.63, Lwow ghetto, Search for a Jewish female under false identity, 1939--1945

An ad written in Russian and Polish posted in the Lwow ghetto. The ad is searching for a Jewish woman using a false identity. The ad includes a black and white photograph of a woman, presumably the Jewish woman that they are looking for.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lwow (Poland: Ghetto); Life under false identity in Lwow ghetto; Police search for Jews under false identity, Lwow ghetto; Urszula Lahoda, a false name for Lina Gans, Lwow ghetto; False identity; Lwow (Poland); Lviv (Ukraine); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; Russian, language; Documents in Russian language; Polish, language; Documents in Polish language

Creators:: Crime Directorate of the Lwow ghetto (1941--1945); German authorities of Lwow (Lviv) (1941-1944); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 60: RG-45.02.64, Majdanek after liberation, a pile of corpses, circa 1944

A black and white photograph of a pile of bodies taken at Majdanek after liberation.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Majdanek, German concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Mass executions; Nazi-perpetrated massacres; mass graves; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Liberation of concentration camps; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Soviet military officials (July 1944); Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 61: RG-45.02.65, Majdanek after liberation, an emaciated female prisoner, circa 1944

A black and white photograph of an emaciated female prisoner liberated from Majdanek concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Female concentration camp inmates; Female prisoners of the German concentration camps; Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Majdanek, German concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Mass executions; Nazi-perpetrated massacres; mass graves; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Soviet military officials (July 1944); Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 62: RG-45.02.66, Majdanek after liberation, emaciated male survivors, camera depicts them naked, circa 1944

A black and white photograph showing emaciated male survivors after being liberated from Majdanek concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Majdanek, German concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Soviet military officials (July 1944); Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 63: RG-45.02.67, Majdanek after liberation, Soviet soldiers examine the dead prisoners, circa 1944

A black and white photograph of dead prisoners of the Majdanek concentration camp taken after liberation.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Majdanek, German concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Soldiers, Soviet Red Army; Soviet Red Army, armed forces, Soviet; mass graves; Mass executions; Execution in concentration camps; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Soviet military officials (July 1944); Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 64: RG-45.02.68, Majdanek, a dead prisoner on barbed wire, circa 1944

A black and white photograph of a dead prisoner hanging from barbed wire. The photograph was taken after the Majdanek concentration camp was liberated.

Subject/Index Terms:: Majdanek (Concentration camp); Majdanek (Poland: Concentration Camp); Majdanek, German concentration camp; Liberation of Majdanek concentration camp; Majdanek concentration camp, liberation; Liberation of concentration camps; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Suicide in the concentration camps; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Soviet military officials (July 1944); Soviet authorities (1939 -- 1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 65: RG-45.02.69, Mauthausen after liberation, a row of dead bodies, circa 1945

A black and white photograph of a row of bodies after the liberation of Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Mauthausen (Austria: Concentration Camp); Mauthausen, German Concentration camp; Liberation of concentration camps; Aftermath of liberation; liberation of Nazi concentration camps, Europe; Mauthausen concentration camp, liberation and its aftermath; Forced labor camps; Forced labor; Forced labor in concentration camps; Mass executions; Mauthausen (Austria); Austria (Europe); Austria (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; Nazi-German concentration camps after liberation, photographs; Nazi Concentration camps' prisoners after liberation, photographs; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; US Military Personnel; Post-liberation photographers (1944-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 66: RG-45.02.70, Mauthausen, one of the initial memorial sites, circa 1945--1949

A black and white photograph of one of the initial memorial sites at Mauthausen.

Subject/Index Terms:: Mauthausen (Austria: Concentration Camp); Mauthausen, German Concentration camp; Holocaust Memorialization; Mauthausen memorial, Austria; Mauthausen (Austria); Austria (Europe); Austria (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camps post-liberation; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Allied Military Personnel; Allied Military and Civil Authoritiy in Germany and Austria (1945 -- 1948)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 67: RG-45.02.71, Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda, 1939--1945

A piece of Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda, blaming Jews for the war.

The text on the poster reads, "The blame for the war!"

Subject/Index Terms:: Nazi Propaganda; Nazi war propaganda; Nazi anti-Jewish propaganda; Nazi Anti-Semitic Propaganda; Anti-semitic publication, German; Anti-Zionist publications, German; the Jewish problem; German, language; Documents in German language; Germany (Europe); Germany (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945

Creators:: Government of Nazi Germany (1933--1945); Nazi-German Ministry of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda (RMVP) (March 1933-May 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 68: RG-45.02.72, Nazi gathering, circa 1930's

A black and white photograph of a Nazi gathering. The photograph was taken some time in the 1930's.

Subject/Index Terms:: Nazi rise to power; Nazi Gathering; Civilians, German; Germany (Europe); Germany (1918--1933); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, Cultural Life in Germany

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Nazi-German authorities (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 69: RG-45.02.73, Nazi Germany, a German woman is publicly humiliated for intimate relations with Jews, 1933--1939

A black and white photograph of a woman being publically humiliated for having intimate relations with a Jew.

Subject/Index Terms:: Public humiliations; Jewish-Gentile relations; Jews in Nazi Germany; Nazi Soldiers; German Music; Civilians, German; Germany (Europe); Germany (1918--1933); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, Cultural Life in Germany

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Nazi-German authorities (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 70: RG-45.02.74, Nuremberg, Nazi rally, 1933--1939

A black and white photograph of a Nazi rally in Nuremberg.

Subject/Index Terms:: Nuremberg (Germany); Nazi Rally; Nazi Gathering; Nazi Soldiers; Nazis parade through streets; Civilians, German; Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Germany (Europe); Germany (1918--1933); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Prewar photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, Cultural Life in Germany; Photographs, Hitler and responses to Hitler

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Nazi-German authorities (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 71: RG-45.02.75, Operation Beriha, on the way to Palestine, circa 1945

A black and white photograph of a young boy and a woman. The photograph was taken during Operation Beriha, a rescue and aid mission that took Jewish survivors to Palestine.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Aid for Victims; Aliyah Bet; Operation Beriha; Illegal immigration to Palestine, 1945 -- 1948; Immigration to British Mandate of Palestine; childhood experiences; survivors of concentration camps; Palestine; Palestine, British Mandate Territory (1918--1948); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Rescue and aid photographers (circa 1940--1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 72: RG-45.02.76, Operation Beriha, Jewish kids on the illegal path to Palestine, circa 1945

A black and white photograph of two children making the illegal immigration to Palestine.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Aid for Victims; Aliyah Bet; Operation Beriha; Illegal immigration to Palestine, 1945 -- 1948; Immigration to British Mandate of Palestine; childhood experiences; survivors of concentration camps; Palestine; Palestine, British Mandate Territory (1918--1948); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Rescue and aid photographers (circa 1940--1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 73: RG-45.02.77, Operation Beriha, preparing for Palestine, circa 1945

A black and white photograph of a young girl preparing for illegal immigration to Palestine.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Aid for Victims; Aliyah Bet; Operation Beriha; Illegal Immigration; Illegal immigration to Palestine, 1945 -- 1948; Immigration to British Mandate of Palestine; childhood experiences; survivors of concentration camps; Palestine; Palestine, British Mandate Territory (1918--1948); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Rescue and aid photographers (circa 1940--1944)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 74: RG-45.02.78, Piotrkow Trybunalski, a Jewish Quarter, pre-war Poland, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a Jewish Quarter in pre-war Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Piotrkow (Poland); Interwar Poland; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish national minority in interwar Poland; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Poland in interwar period, 1918 -- 1939; Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, children

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 75: RG-45.02.79, Poland, a ghetto memorial, circa 1945

A black and white photograph showing a memorial for a ghetto in Poland. Flowers have been placed on the snowy ground while being guarded by armed soldiers.

Subject/Index Terms:: Polish ghettos; Ghetto Memorial, Poland; Holocaust Memorialization; Civilians, Polish; Polish soldiers; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Poland (1945--1991); Europe (1945 -- 1991); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988

Creators:: Polish photographer (circa 1933--1945); Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 76: RG-45.02.80, Poles at the advertisement board, beginning of the Second World War, circa 1939

A black and white duplicated photograph of a group of people looking at an advertisement board. The photograph was taken at the beginning of the Second World War.

Subject/Index Terms:: Civilians, Polish; Polish newspaper; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland

Creators:: Polish photographer (circa 1933--1945); Local photographers, 1933 -- 1945 (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 77: RG-45.02.81, President Hindenburg congratulates Hitler for being elected Chancellor, circa 1933

A black and white photograph of President Paul von Hindenburg shaking hands with Adolf Hitler, congratulating him on being elected Chancellor of Germany.

Subject/Index Terms:: Adolf Hitler, dictator and German Chancellor and President; Paul von Hindenburg, the second President of Germany, 1925 -- 1934; Nazi rise to power; Nazi Gathering; German Soldiers; Soldiers, German; Civilians, German; Germany (Europe); Germany (1933 -- 1939); Europe (1933-1945); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Photographs, Hitler and responses to Hitler; Photographs, Cultural Life in Germany

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Local photographers, 1933 -- 1945 (1933 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 78: RG-45.02.82, Przedborz, Poland, Wooden Synagogue, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a wooden synagogue in Przedborz, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Przedborz (Poland); Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Wooden synagogues, Poland; Wooden Synagogues in Eastern Europe; Interwar Poland; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Poland in interwar period, 1918 -- 1939; Students, Jewish, interwar Poland; Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: Local photographers, 1933 -- 1945 (1933 -- 1945); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 79: RG-45.02.83, Registration in the Ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing registration at a ghetto. The specific location is unknown.

Subject/Index Terms:: Registration and processing in the ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Jewish ghettos in German-occupied and controlled Europe; Identification documents; ghetto identification document; Identification documents for Jews; German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; Jews in German-occupied and controlled territories of Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 80: RG-45.02.84, Report Tells of Nazi Annihilation of 2,000,000 Jews in Europe, from International Herald Tribune, circa 1942

A close up of an article from the International Herald Tribune discussing the Nazi annihilation of two million Jewsin Europe. The article is incomplete, as it has been cut off.

Subject/Index Terms:: London (England); Execution of Jews; Execution in concentration camps; Mass executions; Mass killing of Jewish population, Second World War; Wartime atrocities and mass killing, Second World War; Allied discovery of Nazi war crimes; Passover, Jewish religious holiday; Nazi-perpetrated massacres; Bohemia and Moravia (Czechoslovakia: Region); Terezin (Czechoslovakia); Terezin (Czechoslovakia: Ghetto); American newspaper; Newspaper Article; Wartime Publication, Second World War; Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: International Herald Tribune, newspaper, American

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 81: RG-45.02.85, Romek Kaliski, member of the Jewish order police in the Lodz ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Romek Kaliski, a member of the Jewish Order Police in the Lodz ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Romek Kaliski, Jewish Order Police of the Lodz Ghetto; Kaliski, Romek, Member of the Jewish order police in Lodz ghetto; Lodz ghetto; Lodz (Poland: Ghetto); Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in the Lodz Ghetto; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Jewish Order police on patrol duty; Lodz (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Lodz ghetto, 1940 -- 1944; Photographs and artifacts, Lodz ghetto (1940 -- 1944); History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 82: RG-45.02.86, Sachsenhausen Concentration Camp, circa 1936

A black and white photograph of the Sachsenhausen concentration camp, which was primarily used to house political prisoners.

Subject/Index Terms:: Oranienburg-Sachsenhausen, German Concentration Camp; Sachsenhausen (Concentration camp); Sachsenhausen (Germany: Concentration Camp); Political prisoners of Nazi German prisons; Roll Call; Prisoner's roll call; Concentration camp soldiers and officials; Oranienburg (Germany); Germany (Europe); Germany (1933 -- 1945); Europe (1933-1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; Photographs, concentration camp prisoners; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Nazi-German administration of Sachsenhausen concentration camp (1944); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 83: RG-45.02.87, Saloniki, Jewish leaders with Metropolitan, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of Jewish leaders taken in Saloniki (Thessaloniki), Greece.

Subject/Index Terms:: Thessaloniki (Greece); Jewish religious community; Orthodox Jews; Jewish youth; Greece (Europe); Greece (1918 -- 1940); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Jewish life; Jewish life, pre-war; Jewish life in interwar Europe

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 84: RG-45.02.89, Soviet and Jewish partisans, a group photograph, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Soviet and Jewish partisans. The location of where the photograph was taken is unknown.

Subject/Index Terms:: Soviet partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Jewish resistance; Jewish resistance members, male; Resistance, Jewish; Resistance, Soviet; Resistance forces, Jewish; Resistance members, Jewish; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Jewish resistance members; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 85: RG-45.02.90, Soviet and Jewish partisans, Lipiczany Forest, Poland-Western Belarus, circa 1942

A black and white photograph of Jewish and Soviet partisans, taken in the Lipiczany Forest.

Subject/Index Terms:: Soviet partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Jewish resistance; Jewish resistance members, male; Resistance, Jewish; Resistance, Soviet; Resistance forces, Jewish; Resistance members, Jewish; Resistance members, Polish; Polish resistance fighters in the Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Białowieża Forest; Western Belarus (Poland); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Jewish resistance members; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 86: RG-45.02.91, Soviet-Jewish partisan, Misha Kacowicz, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Misha Kacowicz and another man, who were both Soviet-Jewish partisans.

Subject/Index Terms:: Misha Kacowicz, Soviet-Jewish partisan; Soviet partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Jewish resistance; Jewish resistance members, male; Resistance, Jewish; Resistance, Soviet; Resistance forces, Jewish; Resistance members, Jewish; Białowieża Forest; Western Belarus (Poland); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Jewish resistance members; Partisans, Soviets, photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); USSR military photographers, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 87: RG-45.02.92, Soviet-Jewish partisans, former Eastern Poland, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Soviet-Jewish partisans, taken in former Eastern Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Soviet partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Jewish resistance; Jewish resistance members, male; Resistance, Jewish; Resistance, Soviet; Resistance forces, Jewish; Resistance members, Jewish; Białowieża Forest; Western Belarus (Poland); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Jewish resistance members; Partisans, Soviets, photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 88: RG-45.02.93, Soviet-Jewish partisans, Naliboki Forest, Poland-Western Belarus, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Soviet-Jewish partisans taken in the Naliboki Forest in Western Belarus, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Soviet partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans; Soviet-Jewish partisans units, areas of operations; Jewish resistance; Jewish resistance members, male; Jewish resistance members, female; Resistance, Jewish; Resistance, Soviet; Resistance forces, Jewish; Resistance members, Jewish; Naliboki Forest; Western Belarus (Poland); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, Jewish resistance members; Partisans, Soviets, photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish resistance, photographers (1939-1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 89: RG-45.02.94, Tarnow, a Jewish cultural society, 1933--1939

A black and white photograph of a Jewish cultural society, taken in Tarnow, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Tarnow (Poland); Club of Polish Jews, New York; Jewish life, pre-war; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Jewish gatherings; Poland (Europe); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Poland (1918--1939)

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 90: RG-45.02.95, Tarnow, Jewish soccer team, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of a Jewish soccer team taken in Tarnow, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Tarnow (Poland); Jewish soccer team; Jewish soccer team of Tarnow, Poland; Jews in sports, interwar period; Sports teams, Jewish; Jewish life, pre-war; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Jewish gatherings; Jewish life; Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar Europe, historic photographs, 1933 -- 1939; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 91: RG-45.02.96, the Netherlands, poison gas chamber with a warning sign, poison gas, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a poison gas chamber in the Netherlands. There is a warning sign outside that says 'Poison Gas.'

Subject/Index Terms:: Nazi gas chambers; Mass executions; Mass killing of Jewish population, Second World War; Execution in concentration camps; Execution of Jews; Warning signs, concentration camps; The Netherlands (Europe); Netherlands (1940 -- 1945); The Netherlands (1940--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; concentration camp photographs; Photographs, concentration camps; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Dutch Photographers, 1940-1945 (1940-1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 92: RG-45.02.97, Vienna, Jewish veterans of the First World War in Austro-Hungarian uniform, circa 1918

A black and white photograph of Jewish veterans of the First World War. The photograph was taken in Vienna and the veterans are wearing Austro-Hungarian uniforms.

Subject/Index Terms:: Vienna (Austria); The First World War, 1914 -- 1918; World War I; Jewish veterans of Austro-Hungarian Army; uniforms; Austria (Europe); Austria (1918--1933); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Photographs, Jewish men

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 93: RG-45.02.98, Vienna under the Nazi authorities, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a Nazi German official working in Vienna, Austria.

Subject/Index Terms:: Vienna (Austria); German-Nazi crimes in occupied countries of Europe; German Occupation of Austria; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; Nazi Germany, regional governments; NSDAP and Nazi Germany, party and government officials; Austria (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Nazi-Austrian municipal administration in Vienna (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 94: RG-45.02.99, View of the abandoned furnishings of Jews deported from the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing abandoned furnishings left behind by Jews deported from the ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: day-to-day life in ghettos; Deportations from ghettos; Personal belongings; Jewish personal belongings; Confiscation of personal belongings and property; Roundups and Deportations of Jews; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 95: RG-45.02.100, The Warsaw Diary of Adam Czerniakow, excerpt, 26 January 1940

An excerpt from the Warsaw diary of Adam Czerniakow.

Subject/Index Terms:: Czerniakow, Adam; Adam Czerniakow, Chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw, 1939-1942; Diary of Adam Czerniakow, the chairman of the Jewish Council of Warsaw; Gestapo (Nazi German Secret political police); Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto; Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto; Judenrat, Jewish council in ghettos; Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Diaries--Wartime; Diaries during the Holocaust; personal diaries; English, language; Documents in English language

Creators:: Czerniaków, Adam (1880-1942); Biographer of Adam Czerniakow

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 96: RG-45.02.101, Warsaw ghetto negative, 1939--1945

A black and white negative of a photograph taken in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Forced labor; Forced labor in ghettos; Forced laborers, Jewish, 1933 -- 1945; Jewish forced labor in Poland; German administration of Warsaw, 1939 -- 1945; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; ghetto population, Warsaw ghetto; Life conditions in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 97: RG-45.02.102, Warsaw ghetto wall, Jews climbing over the ghetto wall, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews climbing over the Warsaw ghetto wall.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wall separating the ghetto territory from the rest of the city; Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 98: RG-45.02.103, Warsaw ghetto, a beggar on the street, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a beggar on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Begging in ghettos; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 99: RG-45.02.104, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto checkpoint, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a ghetto checkpoint in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Check-points in the ghettos; Check-points in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 100: RG-45.02.105, Warsaw ghetto, a ghetto entrance, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of an entrance at the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Entrance to the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 101: RG-45.02.106, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, a Jewish boy, circa 1943

A black and white photograph of a young boy walking by armed guards with his hands in the air. This photograph was taken during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish youth; Jewish youth in the ghetto; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews prisoners of war; Jewish prisoners of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943; German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 102: RG-45.02.107, Warsaw ghetto, at the cemetery, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the cemetery at the Warsaw ghetto. A person is being buried surrounded by family.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish cemetery; Cemeteries at the ghettos, 1939 -1944; Cemetery at the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 -- 1943; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 103: RG-45.02.108, Warsaw ghetto, books are being sold and exchanged on the street, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of books being sold and exchanged on the street.

Subject/Index Terms:: Books in the ghettos; Books in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 104: RG-45.02.109, Warsaw ghetto, dragging the dead, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of men taking dead bodies on carts out of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 105: RG-45.02.110, Warsaw ghetto, hungry and exhausted kids in the yard, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of hungry children sitting on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Children, starving in the ghettos; Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 106: RG-45.02.111, Warsaw ghetto, inside a ghetto dwelling, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a family inside one of the dwellings in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; family photographs

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 107: RG-45.02.112, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish kids in the classroom, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jewish children in a classroom in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: School in ghettos; Children in the ghettos; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Education in the ghettos; Education in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 108: RG-45.02.113, Warsaw ghetto, Jewish policeman regulates traffic, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a Jewish Order Policeman regulting traffic in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Police in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Jewish Order Police on duty, Warsaw; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 109: RG-45.02.114, Warsaw ghetto, man on the street, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man eating on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Food distribution in the ghettos; Food rations in the ghettos; Food rationing in the Warsaw Ghetto; Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 110: RG-45.02.115, Warsaw ghetto, medical examining in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a medical examination in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Medical care in the ghettos; Medical care in Warsaw Ghetto; medical doctors in the ghettos; physical examination; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 111: RG-45.02.116, Warsaw ghetto, pedestrian bridge, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a pedestrian bridge at the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Pedestrian bridges in the ghettos; Pedestrian bridge, Warsaw ghetto; Pedestrian bridges in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 112: RG-45.02.117, Warsaw ghetto, prayer in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jewish men praying in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Prayers in the ghettos; Prayer in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 113: RG-45.02.118, Warsaw ghetto, ration card, circa 1942

A ration card from the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Ration cards for commodities, 1939 -- 1945; Food cards in the ghettos; Food rationing in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945; Food rations in the ghettos; Food rationing in the Warsaw Ghetto; Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; German, language; Documents in German language; Polish, language; Documents in Polish language

Creators:: German authorities of ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Food distribution departments of the Jewish Councils (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 114: RG-45.02.119, Warsaw ghetto, barter and street sale, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man bartering and selling what appears to be soup and other food items on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Barter and street sale in the ghettos; Barter and street sale in the Warsaw Ghetto; Food rationing in ghettos, 1939 -- 1945; Food rations in the ghettos; Food rationing in the Warsaw Ghetto; Food rations in the Warsaw Ghetto; Food distribution in the ghettos; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 115: RG-45.02.120, Warsaw ghetto, unidentified location, perhaps a transfer, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Warsaw ghetto. The location is unknown, but the photograph appears to depict a transfer scene.

Subject/Index Terms:: Transports; Transport trains; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 116: RG-45.02.121, Warsaw ghetto, view of the ghetto wall, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing a view of the Warsaw ghetto wall.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wall separating the ghetto territory from the rest of the city; Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 117: RG-45.02.122, Warsaw ghetto, Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing a scene from the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

Subject/Index Terms:: Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, Jews prisoners of war; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Jews in the ghettos in Poland, living conditions; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 118: RG-45.02.124, Warsaw, first days of German occupation, circa 1939

A black and white photograph showing a street in Warsaw in the first days of German occupation.

Subject/Index Terms:: German occupation of Poland; Life under German occupation--Poland (1939-1945); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; German Occupied and Controlled Territories; Jews in German-occupied and controlled territories of Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Warsaw, occupied by Germans, October 1939, photograph; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 119: RG-45.02.125, Warsaw, interwar time, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph showing Warsaw during the interwar period.

Subject/Index Terms:: Interwar Poland; Poland in interwar period, 1918 -- 1939; Jewish life, pre-war; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents; Warsaw of interwar time, photograph

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 120: RG-45.02.126, Warsaw, Jews are not allowed into the park, 1933--1945

A black and white photograph showing a sign that reads Jews are forbidden from entering the park in German and Polish. The sign was posted in Warsaw, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Anti-semitic laws; Anti-Jewish actions; anti-Jewish measures and legislations; Nazi anti-Jewish measures, actions and legislations; Nazi anti-Jewish measures and legislations; German occupation of Poland; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; German, language; Polish, language

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945); Pre-war photographer (1918--1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 121: RG-45.02.127, Zamosc, people observing a sports game, interwar time, 1918--1939

A black and white photograph of people observing a sports game. The photograph was taken in Zamosc, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jews in sports, interwar period; Sports teams, Jewish; Interwar Poland; Poland in interwar period, 1918 -- 1939; Jewish life, pre-war; Jewish life in interwar Europe; Jewish Life in Interwar Poland and Ukraine; Jewish societal life in interwar Poland; Zamosc (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1918--1939); Europe (1918--1939); Photographs; Photographs, pre-Second World War; Prewar photographs; Interwar life, history in photo-documents

Creators:: Pre-war photographer (1918--1939); Jewish photographer, pre-war Poland (1918-1939)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 122: RG-45.02.128, Kovno Ghetto, photograph of a young boy standing in front of door of chairman of the Council of Elders, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a young boy standing outside the door of the Chairman of the Council of Elders in the Kovno ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Children in the Kovno Ghetto; Jewish Council (Judenrat) in Kovno Ghetto; Kovno (Lithuania: Ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Kovno (Lithuania); Lithuania (Europe); Lithuania (1939-1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 123: RG-45.02.129, Kovno Ghetto, Jews lining up, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews being lined up in the Kovno ghetto. It is unclear why they are being lined up, but a child can be seen in the forefront smiling.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Children in the Kovno Ghetto; Roll Call; Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in Kovno Ghetto; Kovno (Lithuania: Ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Kovno (Lithuania); Lithuania (Europe); Lithuania (1939-1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945)

Sub-Collection 3: RG-45.03, Never Again, photo-documents from Polish repositories, 1939 -- 1945

Collectioon of photo-documents from the Polish repositories, reflecting mundante life in the German-organized Jewish ghettos in Poland

Subject/Index Terms:: Warsaw (Poland); Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Children in the ghettos; Abandoned children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Women in the ghettos; Women in the Warsaw ghetto; Starvation in the ghettos; Children, starving in the ghettos; Deportations from ghettos; Hans Frank, General Governor of the occupied Poland (General Gouvernment); Umschlagplatz, a collection center for deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto; Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police; Odilo Globocnik,SS-Standartenfuerher, played a major role in the Operation Reinhard; Janusz Korczak, Polish-Jewish educator, Director of the Jewish orphanage in the Warsaw ghetto; Poland (1939 --1945); The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Poland; Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard), 1942; Treblinka, the site of the former extermination camp; Ghetto environmental milieu; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 1: RG-45.03.01, A kitchen for children in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a line of children waiting to wash their hands. The photograph has been taken in an unknown ghetto.

The sign above the sink is written in Polish and says, "Water is exclusively for washing hands!!!"

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Abandoned children in the ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents; Polish, language

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German photographers in ghettos, 1939-1945 (1939-1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 2: RG-45.03.02, A soup kitchen in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews waiting in line at a soup kitchen at the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Polish central welfare council (Rada Główna Opiekuńcza); Jewish Council (Judenrat) of the Warsaw ghetto; Food distribution in the ghettos; Food Distribution in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Food distribution in the Warsaw ghetto, 1940 --1943; Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Poland; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Women in the ghettos; Women in the Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943); Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 3: RG-45.03.03, A street violinist in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a young boy playing a violin on the streets of an unidentified ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Music in the ghettos; Children in the ghettos; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Poland; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 4: RG-45.03.04, A woman with armband, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a young woman in a ghetto, wearing her armband. It is likely that this photograph was taken towards the beginning of the establishment of this particular ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Women in the ghettos; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; Jewish Star of David, ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 5: RG-45.03.05, A workshop in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a young man sitting at a sewing machine in a workshop in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Ghetto workshops, 1939-1945; Forced labor; Forced labor in ghettos; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Jewish Council (Judenrat) of Warsaw (1939 -- 1943); Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 6: RG-45.03.06, Abandoned and deprived in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photographs of a starving man, begging on the streets of a Polish ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Begging in ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 7: RG-45.03.07, An elegant Warsaw lady with an armband, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a woman wearing an armband walking down the street of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Women in the ghettos; Women in the Warsaw ghetto; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; Jewish Star of David, ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 8: RG-45.03.08, Before the deportation, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing a large group of Jews getting ready for deportation from a ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Transport trains; German Military Command; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 9: RG-45.03.09, Children in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of two abandonned children begging on the streets of a ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Children, starving in the ghettos; Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Abandoned children in the ghettos; Begging in ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 10: RG-45.03.10, Deportation from a town, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Jews being deported from a ghetto to a concentration camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportation of Jews from Poland; Deportation scenes; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Roundups and Deportations of Jews; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 11: RG-45.03.11, Deportation from the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a deportation scene where Jews are being loaded into boxcars.

Subject/Index Terms:: Transport trains; Deportation of Jews from Poland; Deportation scenes; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Roundups and Deportations of Jews; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 12: RG-45.03.12, Frank in Lublin, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Hans Frank, the General Governor of occupied Poland, walking down a street in Lublin, Poland. Hans Frank had previously served as Adolf Hitler's personal lawyer.

Subject/Index Terms:: Hans Frank, General Governor of the occupied Poland (General Gouvernment); Hans Frank (Governor-General); District Galicia, German-occupied administrative division in Poland; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 13: RG-45.03.13, Freight cars near the Treblinka extermination camp former site, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of two freight cars near Treblinka extermination camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Transport trains; Transports; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportation to Treblinka extermination camp; Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Treblinka, the site of the former extermination camp; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Treblinka (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Polish photographer (circa 1933--1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 14: RG-45.03.14, From the Auschwtiz Album, deportation from Carpathian-Ruthenia, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a line of Jews from the Carpathian-Ruthenia area (a historical region in Central Europe), waiting to be deported to Auschwitz.

Subject/Index Terms:: Carpatho-Ruthenia (Czechoslovakia: province); Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportations to Auschwitz concentration camp; Deportation scenes; Transport trains; Auschwitz (Concentration camp); Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp complex (Poland); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Poland (Europe); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 15: RG-45.03.15, Germans convoying the Jews, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of German military soldiers convoying Jews. Their destined location is unknown.

Subject/Index Terms:: Transports; Military officers, Nazi-German; German Soldiers; Soldiers, German; Forced marches; Deportation scenes; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 16: RG-45.03.16, Going to Umschlagplatz, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man and three children going to Umschlagplatz. This was a square in Warsaw where Jews would go from the Warsaw ghetto to be transported to the Treblinka extermination camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Umschlagplatz, a collection center for deportation of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto; Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard), 1942; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Deportation to Treblinka extermination camp; Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Transports; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Deportation scenes; Roundups and Deportations of Jews; day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, children; Photographs, transports and deportations; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 17: RG-45.03.17, In the Warsaw ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man holding a child on the streets of the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Poverty and Desperation in the ghettos; Poverty and Desperation in the Warsaw ghetto; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, children; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 18: RG-45.03.18, Janusz Korczak, circa 1939

A black and white photograph of Janusz Korczak, also known as Henryk Goldszmit, walking down the streets of the Warsaw ghetto accompanied by young men and women.

Subject/Index Terms:: Korczak, Janusz; Janusz Korczak, Polish-Jewish educator, Director of the Jewish orphanage in the Warsaw ghetto; Abandoned children in the ghettos; Abandoned children in the Warsaw Ghetto; children orphanages; Children in the ghettos; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 19: RG-45.03.19, Jewish family, Lublin ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a Jewish family, presumably a father and two children, in the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; Photographs, Lublin; family photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 20: RG-45.03.20, Jews in Lublin ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews on the street of the Lublin ghetto. It is possible that the photographer was taking a picture of the young boy, who is looking right at the camera.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Begging in ghettos; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, children; Photographs, Lublin; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 21: RG-45.03.21, Jews, staying before the sign, Jews are not allowed, 1933--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Jews standing in front of a sign forbidding Jews from entering into a residential area.

Subject/Index Terms:: Nazi armband; Military officers, Nazi-German; Nazi Soldiers; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; anti-Jewish measures and legislations; Nazi anti-Jewish measures, actions and legislations; Nazi anti-Jewish measures and legislations; Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 22: RG-45.03.22, Jurgen Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police, circa 1943

A black and whtie photograph of Jurgen Stroop surrounded by Nazi German soldiers. The photograph was taken during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising and the wall of the ghetto can be seen behind them, as well as the building behind them on fire.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jurgen (Juergen) Stroop, General of Combat SS and Police; Combat SS units, German; Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city; Destruction of buildings during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; Final Aktion (action) in the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943; German military operation against Warsaw Ghetto Uprising; Liquidation of Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, May 1943; The last day of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 16 May 1943; Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Poland); Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; Liquidation of ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 23: RG-45.03.23, Lublin ghetto, a line to a food shop, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews on the streets of Lublin, in line at a food shop.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); Food distribution in the ghettos; Food distribution in the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; Food Distribution in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Children in the ghettos; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 24: RG-45.03.24, Lublin ghetto, deportees, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man and woman about to be deported from the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Roundups and Deportations of Jews; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 25: RG-45.03.25, Lublin ghetto, in the streets, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Jews on the streets of the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; Orthodox Jews; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 26: RG-45.03.26, Lublin ghetto, Krakowskie Przedmiescie, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Lublin ghetto, taken near the Krakow suburb of the city. To the right, the Krakow Gate can be seen. It is possible that this photograph was taken at the beginning of Nazi occupation, before the Lublin ghetto was created.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lublin Castle Prison; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 27: RG-45.03.27, Lublin ghetto, Odkazalnia, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man walking below a sign that advertises delousing in the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Delousing in the ghettos; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 28: RG-45.03.28, Lublin ghetto, people, waiting for announcement, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Jews in the Lublin ghetto, waiting for an announcement.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Children in the ghettos; Jewish Order Police; Jewish Order Police in ghettos; Jewish Order Service, policemen; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 29: RG-45.03.29, Lublin ghetto, two type of Jews, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of two contrasting Jewish men in the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Begging in ghettos; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 30: RG-45.03.30, Lublin, circa 1940

A color photograph of two women and one man walking down a street of the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 31: RG-45.03.31, Lublin, after the German bombardment, circa September 1939

A black and white photograph taken in Lublin showing the aftermath of a Nazi German bombardment upon their arrival in the city. Ultimately, Jews were forced to clean up the rubble.

Subject/Index Terms:: German invasion of Europe, 1939 -- 1940; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; Destruction of Jewish property, 1933-1945; wartime destruction; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 32: RG-45.03.32, Lublin, after the German invasion, circa September 1939

A black and white photograph taken in Lublin showing the destruction after the German invasion of Lublin, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Germany invasion of Poland, September 1, 1939; German invasion of Europe, 1939 -- 1940; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Destruction of Jewish property, 1933-1945; wartime destruction; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 33: RG-45.03.33, Lublin, entrance to the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph showing the entrance to the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Destruction of Jewish property, 1933-1945; wartime destruction; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 34: RG-45.03.34, Lublin, ghetto, deportation, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph taken during a deportation from the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Deportation of Jews from Poland; Deportation scenes; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Roundups and Deportations of Jews; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Photographs, transports and deportations; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 35: RG-45.03.35, Lublin, Lubartowska, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the Lublin ghetto, taken on Lubartowska street.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lublin (Lubartowska Street); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 36: RG-45.03.36, Lublin, market square, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the market square at the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Nazi-German atrocities; Nazi atrocities; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 37: RG-45.03.37, Lublin, middle town gate, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the middle town gate in Lublin, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 38: RG-45.03.38, Lublin, the Castle, circa 1943

A black and white aerial photograph of the castle in Lublin, Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lublin Castle Prison; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Aerial Photograph; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: German Military Photographers (1939-1945); German Military Authority

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 39: RG-45.03.39, Lublin, ulica Lubartowska, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph looking down Lubartowska street.

Subject/Index Terms:: Lublin (Lubartowska Street); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 40: RG-45.03.40, Maharszal Synagogue in Lublin before the Germans detonaited explosion and destroyed it, circa 1942

A black and white photograph of the Maharszal Synagogue in Lublin, Poland. The photograph was taken before the Germans destroyed it.

Subject/Index Terms:: Synagogues; Synagogues, religious temples; Destruction of synagogues, 1939 -- 1945; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 41: RG-45.03.41, Market in Lublin, wartime, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of the market in the Lublin ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Food distribution in the ghettos; Food Distribution in Poland, 1939 -- 1945; Food distribution in the Holocaust, 1939 -- 1945; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; General Government (German-occupied Poland), 1939 -- 1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; Jews in Lublin, 1939-1945; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 42: RG-45.03.42, Nazis humiliate Jews, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a group of Jewish men being humiliated by Nazi German soldiers in an unknown ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Public humiliations; Humiliation in the ghettos; Nazi Soldiers; Jewish yellow stars of David, Jewish badges and patches; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; Europe (1939 -- 1945); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 43: RG-45.03.43, Odilo Globocnik, who led the Operation Reinhard, the annihilation over one million Jews, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Odilo Globocnik. He was a prominent Austrian Nazi and later an SS leader. He played a leading role in Operation Reinhard, which saw the murder of over one million mostly Polish Jews during the Holocaust.

Subject/Index Terms:: Odilo Globocnik,SS-Standartenfuerher, played a major role in the Operation Reinhard; Operation Reinhard (Aktion Reinhard or Einsatz Reinhard), 1942; SS police and military formation; Austrian newspaper; The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Vienna (Austria); Austria (Europe); Austria (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, German-annexed Austria; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Austrian photographer, 1938-1945 (1938-1945); Nazi-Austrian municipal administration in Vienna (1939 --1945); German Military Authority; German Military Photographers (1939-1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 44: RG-45.03.44, Photograph of a young Jewish girl, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a young Jewish woman in a Polish ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Begging in ghettos; Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Women in the ghettos; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 45: RG-45.03.45, Radom ghetto, circa 1941

A black and white photograph taken in the Radom ghetto in Poland.

Subject/Index Terms:: Children in the ghettos; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Radom ghetto (Poland); Radom (Poland: ghetto); Radom (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 46: RG-45.03.46, Sabbath in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a family celebrating the Sabbath in the Warsaw ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Jewish religious holidays; Jewish religious practices in the ghettos; Jewish religious life in the Warsaw ghetto; Children in the ghettos; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in the Warsaw ghetto; Living conditions in ghettos; Living conditions in the Warsaw ghetto; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 47: RG-45.03.47, Smuggling food in to the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph that shows people smuggling food over a wall and into a ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Smuggling, ghettos; Smuggling in the ghettos; Wall separating the ghetto territory from the rest of the city; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 48: RG-45.03.48, Starvation and depravaiton in the ghettos, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man starving on the streets of a Polish ghetto.

Subject/Index Terms:: Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Begging in ghettos; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, German-occupied Poland; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 49: RG-45.03.49, The last road to Belzec for the Jews of Lublin, circa 1942

A map highlighted with the presumed route that Jews would take from the Lublin ghetto to Belzec extermination camp.

Subject/Index Terms:: Forced marches; Deportations from ghettos; Deportations to concentration camps; Deportation to concentration camps; Lublin ghetto; Lublin (Poland: ghetto); Belzec extermination camp (Lublin, Poland); Deportation to Belzec; German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Lublin (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Maps and border lines; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Secondary Repositories; Secondary publications (1939 -- present); Holocaust Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 50: RG-45.03.50, The sign of Treblinka rail-road station, postwar, circa 1945

A black and white postwar photograph of the Treblinka railway sign next to the Treblinka railroad station.

Subject/Index Terms:: Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Treblinka, the site of the former extermination camp; postwar Poland; Jewish life in postwar Poland; postwar life in Europe; Jews in Eastern Europe, postwar time; Treblinka (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1945 -- 1956); Europe (1945 -- 1949); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Polish photographer (circa 1933--1945); Holocaust Repositories; Secondary Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 51: RG-45.03.51, Treblinka, circa 1945

A black and white photograph of a group of people walking through a field in Treblinka, Poland. This photograph was possibly taken postwar.

Subject/Index Terms:: Treblinka (Poland: extermination camp); Treblinka, the site of the former extermination camp; postwar Poland; Jewish life in postwar Poland; postwar life in Europe; Jews in Eastern Europe, postwar time; Treblinka (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1945 -- 1956); Europe (1945 -- 1949); Photographs; Photographs, postwar, 1945 -- 1988; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Polish photographer (circa 1933--1945); Holocaust Repositories; Secondary Repositories

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 52: RG-45.03.52, Warsaw ghetto, starvation and depravation, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of a man lying in the streets of the Warsaw ghetto while others surround him.

Subject/Index Terms:: Starvation, ghettos; Starvation in the ghettos; Children in the ghettos; Children in the Warsaw Ghetto; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 53: RG-45.03.53, Warsaw, Karmelicka street, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of Karmelicka street in the Warsaw ghetto, sectioned off by a wooden wall.

Subject/Index Terms:: Wall separating the ghetto territory from the rest of the city; Walls separating the Warsaw ghetto from the rest of the city; Warsaw ghetto; Warsaw (Poland: ghetto); German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Warsaw (Poland); Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; Photographs, Warsaw Ghetto; Photographs, children; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945); Jewish photographers in the Warsaw ghetto (1940 -- 1943)

Document/Artifact of Item-Level 54: RG-45.03.54, Winter in the ghetto, 1939--1945

A black and white photograph of two Jewish women and one Jewish man in a ghetto in the winter. They are all wearing Jewish armbands and appear to be carrying parcels.

Subject/Index Terms:: German-occupied Poland; German-occupied Poland, 1939-1945; Jews in German-occupied Poland; day-to-day life in ghettos; Living conditions in ghettos; Ghetto environmental milieu; The Holocaust in Poland; The Holocaust in General Government (German-occupied Poland); The Holocaust in Europe, 1939 -- 1945; The Second World War, 1939 -- 1945; Poland (Europe); Poland (1939--1945); Europe (1939 -- 1945); Photographs; Photographs, wartime, 1939 -- 1945; Wartime Europe, historic photographs, 1939 -- 1945; wartime photographs; Photographs, ghettos; History of the Holocaust, photo-documents; History of the Second World War, photo-documents

Creators:: Ghetto photographers (1939 --1945); Jewish photographers (1939--1945); Jewish photographers of the ghettos (1939 -- 1945)